中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2016, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (1): 81-82.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.169633

• 观点:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

脑缺血后免疫系统的神经保护倾向

  

  • 收稿日期:2015-10-26 出版日期:2016-01-15 发布日期:2016-01-15

Polarizing the immune system towards neuroprotection in brain ischemia

Diana Amantea   

  1. Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
  • Received:2015-10-26 Online:2016-01-15 Published:2016-01-15
  • Contact: Diana Amantea, Ph.D., diana.amantea@unical.it.

摘要:

缺血性脑损伤的演变在很大程度上会受到免疫系统影响,免疫激活在损伤后会立即发生,并可能持续数天,其中涉及到可溶性和细胞介质之间复杂的相互作用。最近一些表达型分析研究已经显示,大多数脑卒中患者血液中的调制基因会参与先天免疫反应调节。此外,在临床上,急性炎症标记物的血清水平与缺血性脑损伤和神经功能缺损严重程度有关。大脑中的小胶质细胞和血源性免疫细胞对与组织损伤有关的急性和慢性过程有着重要联系,它们同时也与可以控制损伤以及提供组织愈合和恢复的可能性,并且与再生及修复机制相关。在这种条件下,通过阻断其不利的炎症反应进而实现对免疫系统的合理调控会是一种很具有吸引力的治疗方式,这种治疗策略或许可以在临床上实现成功的转化,同时促进治疗中的有益成分发挥而改善脑卒中的治疗结果。文章侧重展示了免疫调节剂脑卒中神经保护作用的最新研究结果,并评估其潜在应用价值。

Abstract:

The evolution of ischemic brain damage is dramatically affected by the immune system, whose activation occurs immediately after the insult and may last for several days, involving a complex interplay between soluble and cellular mediators. Accordingly, recent expression profiling studies have revealed that the majority of the genes modulated in the blood of stroke patients participate to the regulation of innate immune responses. Moreover, in the clinical setting, serum levels of markers of acute inflammation correlate with the severity of ischemic brain damage and neurological deficit. Brain resident microglia and blood-borne immune cells crucially contribute to the acute and chronic processes implicated in tissue injury, as well as to the regenerative and reparative mechanisms that limit the damage and provide tissue healing and recovery. In this context, an attractive approach to improve successful clinical translation of stroke therapeutics would consist in achieving a rational modulation of the immune system, by blocking its detrimental inflammatory responses while promoting its beneficial components. This perspective commentary will focus on the most recent findings regarding relevant targets and drugs for immunomodulation in stroke and their potential application in patients.