中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2015, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (12): 1932-1933.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.169636

• 观点:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

β-干扰素通过脑源性神经营养因子通路发挥潜在的神经保护作用

  

  • 收稿日期:2015-10-22 出版日期:2015-12-30 发布日期:2015-12-30

Interferon beta (IFN-β) treatment exerts potential neuroprotective effects through neurotrophic factors and novel neurotensin/neurotensin high affinity receptor 1 pathway

Qin Wang, Yang Mao-Draayer *   

  1. Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
  • Received:2015-10-22 Online:2015-12-30 Published:2015-12-30
  • Contact: Yang Mao-Draayer, M.D., Ph.D., maodraay@umich.edu
  • Supported by:

    Dr. Mao-Draayer has served as a consultant and/or received grant support from: Acorda, Bayer Pharmaceutical, Biogen Idec, EMD Serono, Genzyme, Novartis, Questor, Teva Neuroscience and Chugai Pharma. Dr. Mao-Draayeris currently supported by grants from NIH NIAID Autoimmune Center of Excellence: UM1-AI110557; NIH NINDS R01-NS080821 and the University of Michigan Neurology Department.

摘要:

多发性硬化症是中枢神经系统的一种慢性自身免疫性疾病,其特征包括共存的炎症、脱髓鞘、轴突神经退变和神经胶质增生等过程。尽管自身免疫炎症会引发轴突病变和脱髓鞘,但最近的证据表明,炎症也可以是有益的。由于保护性自身免疫是通过神经营养因子和神经营养因子调节部分介导的,因此炎症期间可观察到包括原位多发性硬化症损伤样本、全外周血单核细胞以及来自发性硬化症患者的血清和脑脊液在内样本的神经营养水平升高。他们最近的研究结果证明,多发性硬化症患者的T细胞可以产生神经营养因子,而免疫系统可以由神经营养和神经营养因子调节。神经营养因子家族与蛋白质密切相关,是第一类被确定为交感神经和感觉神经元的存活因子,其可以控制神经元存活和发育的若干方面以及中枢和周围神经系统的神经元功能。神经营养蛋白是一类生长因子和分泌蛋白,其能够使特定细胞信令生存、分化和成长。神经营养和神经营养因子可以通过阻止细胞程序性死亡达到促进神经元存活的目的。同时,神经营养因子也是中枢神经系统损伤后的神经保护介质,并在免疫细胞和神经系统之间相互作用。此外,神经营养因子能够预防神经元死亡,并有利于恢复过程中的神经再生和髓鞘再生。其中脑源性神经营养因子是支持神经元存活,调节神经递质释放,轴突生长以及促进神经元存活和分化的最有效因素之一;而神经胶质源神经营养因子则有助于促进轴突生长并诱导髓鞘再生。

Abstract:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by coexisting processes of inflammation, demyelination, axonal neurodegeneration, and gliosis. Although autoimmune inflammation contributes to axonal pathology and demyelination, more recent evidence suggests that inflammation may also be beneficial. Protective autoimmunity is partly mediated via neurotrophic factors and neurotrophin regulation (Correale and Villa, 2004). Elevated neurotrophin levels have been observed during inflammatory processes, including in samples of in situ MS lesions, whole peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), serum, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from MS patients. We recently demonstrated that T cells of MS patients could produce neurotrophins. The immune system may be modulated by neurotrophins and neurotrophin factors. The neurotrophins are a family of closely related proteins that were first identified as survival factors for sympathetic and sensory neurons and have since been shown to control a number of aspects of survival, development, and function of neurons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Neurotrophins belong to a class of growth factors and secreted proteins that are capable of signaling particular cells to survive, differentiate, and grow. Neurotrophins and neurotrophic factors might promote the survival of neurons by preventing programmed cell death, thereby allowing the neurons to survive. Neurotrophins can also induce differentiation of progenitor cellstoform neurons. Neurotrophins also act as neuroprotection mediators in CNS injury, indicating interactions between the immune cells and nervous systems. Neurotrophins are able to prevent neural death and favor the recovery process, neural regeneration, and remyelination. It has been shown that BDNF is one of the most potent factors supporting neuronal survival and regulating neurotransmitter release and dendritic growth in promoting the survival and differentiation of neurons. GDNF promotes axonal growth and induces remyelination. NGF promotes the biosynthesis of myelin by oligodendrocytes in CNS and by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. It also promotes the differentiation of oligodendrocytes by cells of the subventricular zone in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Other studies have demonstrated the delayed onset of EAE by intra-cerebroventricular administration of NGF.