中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2016, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (1): 77-78.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.175046

• 观点:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

在神经损伤中从平衡转向解决的脂类炎症介质

  

  • 收稿日期:2015-10-28 出版日期:2016-01-15 发布日期:2016-01-15

Lipid mediators of inflammation in neurological injury: shifting the balance toward resolution

Jordan L. Harrison, Rachel K. Rowe, Jonathan Lifshitz   

  1. BARROW Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children’s Hospital,Phoenix, AZ, USA (Harrison JL, Rowe RK, Lifshitz J)
    Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA (Harrison JL, Lifshitz J)
    Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA (Harrison JL, Rowe RK,
    Lifshitz J)
    Phoenix Veteran Affairs Healthcare System, Phoenix, AZ, USA(Rowe RK, Lifshitz J)
  • Received:2015-10-28 Online:2016-01-15 Published:2016-01-15
  • Contact: Jonathan Lifshitz, Ph.D., jlifshitz@email.arizona.edu.

摘要:

后天神经系统损伤会引发继发性损伤的病理级联,包括炎症,其可在损伤后持续几天到几周的时间。损伤诱导的神经炎症作为宿主防御机制有助于减轻损伤(除去妨碍因子)并恢复脑结构和功能(即建立稳态)。免疫应答的这些保护功能时序是至关重要的,因为慢性炎症与渐进性细胞损失和神经毒性相关联,炎症介质是炎症过程中形成或释放并参与炎症反应的活性物质。一个单独的子类脂质介质,即宿主特殊化合物抗炎脂类(SPM)具有解决炎症的功能。内源性SPM,特别是那些从ω-3脂肪酸衍生的,在中枢神经系统损伤中或许是可以将神经炎性过程平衡从炎症驱动转换为炎症分解状态的一种十分有价值的目标。文章表示后天神经系统损伤后,宿主特殊化合物抗炎脂类(SPM)为限制继发性损伤进程的治疗策略提供了细胞靶标。周围神经疾病中SPM的强效抗发炎特性与它们的脂肪酸前体对神经系统疾病的治疗效果为进一步探索后天神经系统损伤的神经保护效率提供了坚实的基础。值得注意的是,SPM在脑卒中和创伤性脑损伤的临床问题上具有特殊价值,因为这种治疗策略快速且方便。SPM的内源性质使得它们成为最容易获得的有希望的候选疗法,其可能会在分子病理生理学条件下将炎症从平衡状态转变为分解状态,进而限制损伤程度。

Abstract:

Acquired neurological injuries initiate a pathological cascade of secondary injury processes, including inflammation, which continue for days to weeks following injury. Injury-induced neuroinflammation acts as a host defense mechanism contributing to the neutralization of the insult (removing offending factors) and restoring structure and function of the brain (establish homeostasis). The timing of these protective functions of the immune response is vital, since chronic inflammation has been associated with progressive cell loss and neurotoxicity. A separate sub-class of lipid mediators, termed specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), functions to resolve inflammation. Endogenous SPMs, notably those derived from omega-3 fatty acids, may represent a valuable target in shifting the balance of neuroinflammatory processes from inflammation-driving to inflammation-resolving conditions in the injured CNS. Enthusiasm for a therapeutic approach involving SPMs comes from the natural routes of administration, such as dietary supplementation of their metabolic precursors, exogenous SPMs, and adjunctive interventions focused on increasing the availability of SPMs after injury. SPMs provide a cellular target for therapeutic approaches to limit secondary injury processes after acquired neurological injury. The potent anti-inflammatory properties of SPMs in peripheral diseases and the therapeutic efficacy of their fatty acid precursors in neurological disease provide a sound basis for further exploration of their neuroprotective efficacy in acquired neurological injury. Of particular value to the clinical problems of stroke and TBI are therapies which are rapid and accessible. The endogenous nature of SPMs makes them promising candidates for readily accessible therapies, which could shift the inflammatory balance toward resolution of cellular pathophysiology and limit the extent of injury.