中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2016, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (2): 201-204.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.177709

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

游戏训练:提高机构收留老人的神经可塑性?

  

  • 收稿日期:2015-12-01 出版日期:2016-02-15 发布日期:2016-02-15
  • 基金资助:

    研究工作由全国科学和技术发展委员会、里约热内卢国家基金、高等教育人才改进协调以及金融家研究和项目资金支持。

Exergames: neuroplastic hypothesis about cognitive improvement and biological effects on physical function of institutionalized older persons

Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior 1, César Augusto Otero Vaghetti 2, Osvaldo José M. Nascimento 3, Jerson Laks 4, Andrea Camaz Deslandes 5   

  1. 1 Physical Education and Sport Department of the Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Post Graduation Program (PhD)
    in Medicine (Neurology-Neuroscience), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil; Neuroscience Laboratory of Exercise, Universidade
    Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    2 Higher School of Physical Education, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
    3 Neurology Department, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
    4 Programa de Pós-graduação em Biomedicina Translacional - Biotrans, Universidade Unigranrio, Brazil; Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade
    Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa do Envelhecimento, Instituto Vital Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    5 Institute of Physical Education and Sport, Universdiade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade
    Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Neuroscience Laboratory of Exercise, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  • Received:2015-12-01 Online:2016-02-15 Published:2016-02-15
  • Contact: Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior, Ph.D.,monteirojuniorms@gmail.com.
  • Supported by:

    The authors received funding support by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep).

摘要:

众所周知,被机构收留老人的认知和生理功往往更薄弱。这些问题可能与认知衰退和长期物理刺激有关。健康专家在试图为老年人提供改进支持的同时,认为在执行日常治疗时可能限制了他们的独立性。这可能会加剧身体循环生理系统的废弃,导致了功能依赖。因此一些护理机构应用专门针对老人的认知和物理刺激计划——虚拟游戏认知和运动刺激,试图提高其神经可塑性。
自2007年以来,关于虚拟游戏提高健康水平的研究(比如任天堂游戏机和微软游戏机)渐渐增多。这些应用程序有着不同的目标,其中主要包括研究年轻人的心血管反应,神经病人的运动能力、姿势平衡和老人的认知功能。其中任天堂游戏机是最受欢迎的专门用来帮助老人进行身体锻炼的仪器。大部分关于这方面的研究都说明了其对老人身体机能恢复和保护有积极作用。姿势平衡是与虚拟游戏有关研究最多的物理机制,而很少有研究调查认知功能。我们实验室认为,对于老年人来说,认知和身体机能是同等重要的。虚拟游戏可以改善被机构收留老人的认知和生理功能。老人和虚拟游戏的互动会刺激与认知有关的大脑区域。虚拟开放任务可以增加感觉的流动,改善身体机能。这些活动也可能与已知活动中的营养因子有关,并产生神经可塑性。此外,虚拟游戏训练后,身体可以产生类似的运动机制,这有助于老年人的身体机能恢复。

Abstract:

Exergames can be considered a dual task because the games are performed by a man-videogame interface, requiring cognitive and motor functions simultaneously. Although the literature has shown improvements of cognitive and physical functions due to exergames, the intrinsic mechanisms involved in these functional changes have still not been elucidated. The aims of the present study were (1) to demonstrate the known biological mechanisms of physical exercise regarding muscle adaptation and establish a relationship with exergames; and (2) to present a neurobiological hypothesis about the neuroplastic effects of exergames on the cognitive function of institutionalized older persons. These hypotheses are discussed.

Key words: virtual reality, elderly, nursing-home, physical activity, cognition, neuroplasticity