中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2016, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (2): 208-209.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.177711

• 观点:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

钙结合蛋白:塑造神经元生长的多功能蛋白

  

  • 收稿日期:2015-11-09 出版日期:2016-02-15 发布日期:2016-02-15

Considering calcium-binding proteins in invertebrates: multi-functional proteins that shape neuronal growth

Charles R. Tessier   

  1. Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, USA
  • Received:2015-11-09 Online:2016-02-15 Published:2016-02-15
  • Contact: Charles R. Tessier, Ph.D., crtessie@iupui.edu.

摘要:

钙是在所有细胞中是关键的第二信使分子,并对神经元突触传递至关重要。鉴于这种无以伦比的重要性,钙离子被一系列分子成员严格控制,包括离子通道、传感器和缓冲蛋白质。钙与信号分子结合可以直接或间接发挥作用,如改变核组蛋白可使基因转录发生改变。而所有这些机制都会在发育的轴突中发挥作用,因为轴突通路和分支都需要钙的参与。此外,神经元损伤后,钙波起源于轴突分割部位并传播到细胞核,这是早已为人们所知的再生的必需条件之一。文章表示,一定要适当控制细胞内钙离子浓度[Ca2+]i的变化,否则新的生长锥可能无法形成,并可能会出现神经元退变情况。虽然已经确定了许多会参与这些钙依赖过程的分子成员,但研究者们却经常低估钙缓冲蛋白在调节轴突生长或轴突正常发育以及受伤时发生的作用。了解Cbp53E(一种单一蛋白质6EF领域)确切的分子和细胞内容,有助于确定它在正常神经元发育和急性弥漫性轴突损伤时如何发挥作用。

Abstract:

Calcium is a critical second messenger molecule in all cells and is vital in neurons for synaptic transmission. Given this incredible importance, calcium ions are tightly controlled by a host of molecular players including ion channels, sensors and buffering proteins. Calcium can act directly by binding to signaling molecules or calcium’s effects can be indirect, for example by altering nuclear histones which can lead to changes in gene transcription. All of these mechanisms come into play in developing axons as calcium is required for both axon pathfinding and branching. Furthermore, after neuronal injury, waves of calcium originating at the site of axon segmentation and propagating to the nucleus have long been known to be required for regeneration. These changes in intracellular calcium concentrations [Ca2+]i must be properly controlled or else new growth cones may fail to form and degeneration of the neuron may occur. While many of the molecular players involved in these calcium-dependent processes have been identified, calcium buffering proteins have often been undervalued for their role in regulating axon growth either during normal development or in the event of injury.