中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2016, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (3): 406-407.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.179047

• 观点:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

硫胺素长期高剂量服用:可能是对帕金森病治疗方法的一个巨大贡献

  

  • 出版日期:2016-03-15 发布日期:2016-03-15

An open-label pilot study with high-dose thiamine in Parkinson’s diseas

Antonio Costantini, Roberto Fancellu   

  1. Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, “Villa Immacolata” Clinic,Viterbo, Italy (Costantini A)
    Unit of Neurology, IRCCS San Martino University Hospital IST, Genova,Italy (Fancellu R)
  • Online:2016-03-15 Published:2016-03-15
  • Contact: Antonio Costantini, M.D., carapetata@libero.it.

摘要:

帕金森病是一种渐进性的神经紊乱疾病,在发病初期,外腹侧部的神经元丧失多达70%,塞梅林(氏)神经节尾部的神经元丧失多达50%。基于发病原因,同时考虑到帕金森病从细胞病变发展到出现临床症状所需时间较长,我们非常有必要研发出针对该疾病的治疗和神经保护新疗法。目前针对帕金森病的黄金标准疗法通常是采用左旋多巴胺治疗,同时还有一些其它已经得到认可的治疗方法,包括多巴胺受体激动剂、集中-O-甲基转移酶抑制因子、B型单胺氧化酶抑制因子以及金刚烷胺。近期的研究数据表明,在某些神经系统的遗传性和退行性疾病当中,发病机理可能与病灶部位的硫胺素(维生素B1)不足有关,导致硫胺素(维生素B1)不足的原因有两个,一是细胞内硫胺素传输机能障碍,二是出现结构性酶异常。硫胺素是重要的能量细胞新陈代谢过程中给酶类起辅助作用的因子,特别是在葡萄糖的新陈代谢过程中作用尤其重要。最近的临床研究表明,帕金森病患者在每周注射两次大剂量肌内硫胺素(100 mg)之后,运动性和非运动性症状都能得到较为稳定的大幅改善。因此,为了明确硫胺素在帕金森病当中潜在的治疗效果,我们决定在广大帕金森病患者当中推广大剂量硫胺素的治疗方法。我们发现帕金森病患者在经过长期的肌内注射硫胺素治疗之后,运动性和非运动性症状都得到了大幅的改善,而且这种改善非常稳定且没有副作用。虽然未来还需要通过临床实践、细胞学研究和分子数据分析来进一步研究该治疗方法以便排除安慰剂效应的存在并肯定当前的研究成果,但我们的研究肯定是对帕金森病治疗方法的一个巨大贡献。下一步研究的目标是调查对帕金森病患者长期使用硫胺素治疗在临床上、恢复性和神经保护方面的疗效。

Abstract:

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by motor symptoms (bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, postural instability) and non-motor symptoms (hyposmia, sleep disorders, autonomic and sphincteric dysfunctions, fatigue, pain, depression, and cognitive disorders). At the onset of parkinsonian symptoms, the neuron loss is quite 70% in the lateral ventral part and 50% in the caudal part of substantia nigra. For this reason, and for the long time between the cellular onset and the clinical onset of the disease, it is mandatory to develop new therapies with disease-modifying and neuroprotective actions. The gold standard therapy for PD is always levodopa, while other currently validated treatments are dopamine agonists, cathecol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors, monoamine-oxidase-B inhibitors, and amantadine. Recent data showed that in some inherited and degenerative diseases of the nervous system the pathogenesis of the symptoms could be linked to a focal deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1) due either to dysfunction of intracellular thiamine transport or to structural enzymatic abnormalities. Thiamine is a cofactor of enzymes involved in fundamental pathways of energetic cell metabolism, particularly critical in glucose metabolism. Recent clinical studies showed a considerable and stable improvement of motor and non-motor symptoms in patients affected by PD with intramuscular high-dose thiamine (100 mg) administered twice a week. Therefore, we decided to extend the treatment with high doses of thiamine to a series of PD patients in order to clarify the potential effect of thiamine in this disease. We found that long-term treatment with intramuscular administration of thiamine has led to significant improvement of motor and non-motor symptoms of patients with PD; this improvement was stable during time and without side effects. Our report represents an important contribution to PD therapy, although further experience is necessary to exclude placebo effect and to confirm the present observation, with clinical, cellular, and molecular data. The aim of future studies will be to investigate the clinical, restorative, and neuroprotective effects of long-term treatment with thiamine in PD.