中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2016, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (10): 1557-1559.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.193225

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

轴突损伤诱导的内质网应激和神经退行性疾病

  

  • 收稿日期:2016-10-08 出版日期:2016-10-31 发布日期:2016-10-31
  • 基金资助:
    这项研究是由国家眼科研究所(R01EY023295,R01EY024932),BrightFocus基金会(G2013046)和国家多发性硬化症协会(RG 5021A1)授予YH支持

Axon injury induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and neurodegeneration

Yang Hu*   

  1. Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
  • Received:2016-10-08 Online:2016-10-31 Published:2016-10-31
  • Contact: Yang Hu, MD., PhD., yanghu@temple.edu.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by grants from National Eye Institute (R01EY023295, R01EY024932), BrightFocus Foundation (G2013046) and National Multiple Sclerosis Society (RG 5021A1) to YH.

摘要:

轴突病变是中枢神经系统神经变性疾病的一个常见早期特征,通常会导致逆行神经元细胞死亡或萎缩,以及重要神经元功能逐步永久性丢失。阐述触发神经元轴突和体细胞神经退变的上行信号,在临床上是有效神经保护的关键步骤。虽然神经元胞体和轴突退变属于不同分子机制的积极自主过程,但是它们清楚地连接了接续事件。以前的研究表明,视神经损伤引起的视网膜神经节细胞内质网应激在急性创伤性损伤和慢性青光眼神经病中发挥重要作用。通过充分利用视网膜节细胞和视神经解剖技术优势以及腺病毒相关介导的特异细胞基因,靶向两种小鼠模型的视神经病变研究。他们的研究还表明,抑制perk-eif2αCHOP和XBP-1途径激活可以协同保护视网膜神经节细胞胞体和轴突,并保护视神经功能。因此作者提出,内质网应激对神经元轴突和胞体变性而言是一种常见的上游信号转导机制,并表明靶向内质网应激分子是治疗中枢神经系统轴突病变的一种有前景的具有神经保护作用的治疗策略。

orcid: 0000-0002-7980-1649 (Yang Hu)

Abstract: Injury to central nervous system axons is a common early characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Depending on its location and the type of neuron, axon injury ofen leads to axon degeneration, retrograde neuronal cell death and progressive permanent loss of vital neuronal functions. Although these sequential events are clearly connected, ample evidence indicates that neuronal soma and axon degenerations are active autonomous processes with distinct molecular mechanisms. By exploiting the anatomical and technical advantages of the retinal ganglion cell (RGC)/optic nerve (ON) system, we demonstrated that inhibition of the PERK-eIF2α-CHOP pathway and activation of the X-box binding protein 1 pathway synergistically protect RGC soma and axon, and preserve visual function, in both acute ON traumatic injury and chronic glaucomatous neuropathy. The autonomous endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway in neurons has been implicated in several other neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to the emerging role of ER morphology in axon maintenance, we propose that ER stress is a common upstream signal for disturbances in axon integrity, and that it leads to a retrograde signal that can subsequently induce neuronal soma death. Terefore manipulation of the ER stress pathway may be a key step toward developing the e?ective neuroprotectants that are greatly needed in the clinic.

Key words: endoplasmic reticulum stress, axonopathy, retinal ganglion cell, optic nerve, neurodegeneration, CHOP, XBP-1