中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2016, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (12): 1888-1895.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.195277

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

极低频电磁场刺激的免疫调节作用:治疗神经退行性疾病?

  

  • 收稿日期:2016-11-25 出版日期:2016-12-31 发布日期:2016-12-31

Extremely low frequency electromagnetic felds stimulation modulates autoimmunity and immune responses: a possible immuno-modulatory therapeutic effect in neurodegenerative diseases

Fabio Guerriero1, 2, *, Giovanni Ricevuti1, 2   

  1. 1 Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Terapy, Section of Geriatrics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy 2 Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Istituto di Cura Santa Margherita of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
  • Received:2016-11-25 Online:2016-12-31 Published:2016-12-31
  • Contact: Fabio Guerriero, M.D., Ph.D., fabio.guerriero01@universitadipavia.it.

摘要:

越来越多的证据表明,极低频电磁场(ELF-EMFs)刺激能够对自身免疫和免疫细胞施加一定影响。在过去,脉冲ELF-EMFs通过其对神经传递以及造成脱髓鞘的自身免疫机制发生作用,可以减轻多发性硬化的进展和症状。对于免疫系统,极低频电磁场暴露有助于巨噬细胞的广泛激活,从而引起自身免疫和多个免疫反应的改变。经颅电磁脑刺激是最近用于治疗不同神经退行性疾病的非侵入性新技术,特别是阿尔茨海默病。尽管其应用价值已趋于成熟,但通过何种EMF脑电刺激对神经元功能造成有利作用的机制仍不清楚。最近的研究表明,其有益效果可能是由于其对细胞氧化损伤的神经保护作用。根据对大脑活动的体外和临床研究,ELF-EMFs可能减轻存在于神经退行性疾病中的异常促炎反应,进而缓解疾病的严重程度和发作。尽管如此,他们预计EMF和免疫系统之间相互作用的基本机制仍有待完全理解,需要分子水平上的进一步研究。

orcid: 0000-0002-9926-2494 (Fabio Guerriero)

Abstract: Increasing evidence shows that extremely low frequency electromagnetic felds (ELF-EMFs) stimulation is able to exert a certain action on autoimmunity and immune cells. In the past, the efcacy of pulsed ELFEMFs in alleviating the symptoms and the progression of multiple sclerosis has been supported through their action on neurotransmission and on the autoimmune mechanisms responsible for demyelination. Regarding the immune system, ELF-EMF exposure contributes to a general activation of macrophages, resulting in changes of autoimmunity and several immunological reactions, such as increased reactive oxygen species-formation, enhanced phagocytic activity and increased production of chemokines. Transcranial electromagnetic brain stimulation is a non-invasive novel technique used recently to treat different neurodegenerative disorders, in particular Alzheimer’s disease. Despite its proven value, the mechanisms through which EMF brain-stimulation exerts its benefcial action on neuronal function remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that its benefcial effects may be due to a neuroprotective effect on oxidative cell damage. On the basis of in vitro and clinical studies on brain activity, modulation by ELF-EMFs could possibly counteract the aberrant pro-in?ammatory responses present in neurodegenerative disorders reducing their severity and their onset. Te objective of this review is to provide a systematic overview of the published literature on EMFs and outline the most promising effects of ELF-EMFs in developing treatments of neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, we review data supporting the role of ELF-EMF in generating immune-modulatory responses, neuromodulation, and potential neuroprotective benefts. Nonetheless, we reckon that the underlying mechanisms of interaction between EMF and the immune system are still to be completely understood and need further studies at a molecular level.

Key words: electromagnetic felds, Alzheimer’s disease, transcranial magnetic stimulation, autoimmunity, immunomodulation