中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2016, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (12): 1896-1899.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.197125

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

大麻素对肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症有潜在的治疗作用吗?

  

  • 收稿日期:2016-12-10 出版日期:2016-12-31 发布日期:2016-12-31

Can cannabinoids be a potential therapeutic tool in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

Sabrina Giacoppo, Emanuela Mazzon*   

  1. IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, Messina, Italy
  • Received:2016-12-10 Online:2016-12-31 Published:2016-12-31
  • Contact: Emanuela Mazzon, Ph.D., emazzon.irccs@gmail.com.

摘要:

肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化是运动神经系统最常见的退化性疾病。迄今为止,谷氨酸拮抗剂利鲁唑是唯一一种公认用于治疗肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症的药物,因为它能抑制谷氨酸突触前释放。然而,利鲁唑的疗效以及延长患者生命的作用都很有限,因此,迫切需要开发新式又安全的治疗方法,至少能够延迟不间断的神经退行性疾病进程。近年来大麻类生物活性化合物以其抗氧化、抗炎和神经保护作用越来越引发关注。临床研究以及ALS小鼠模型提供的证据的确表明大麻类物质可能对肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化有有效的改善潜力。目前使用大麻类物质治疗肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化的证据还很有限,并且只有小部分研究对象是肌萎缩性侧索硬化症患者。特别是已有报道的使用大麻治疗肌萎缩性侧索硬化症患者的案例很少,使得所得到的结果难以解释。最近的一项研究表明,肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化患者脊髓中的活化小胶质细胞表现出CB2受体增加的情况。这些数据显示了如果修改CB2介导的过程可以改变肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症进展,以及多少内源性大麻素系统潜在参与减少神经炎症,兴奋性毒性和氧化细胞损伤。将来,大麻素化合物将会越来越多地用于临床试验,尤其是评估其在治疗肌萎缩性侧索硬化症的潜在作用。

Abstract: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common degenerative disease of the motor neuron system. Over the last years, a growing interest was aimed to discovery new innovative and safer therapeutic approaches in the ALS treatment. In this context, the bioactive compounds of Cannabis sativa have shown antioxidant, anti-in?ammatory and neuroprotective effects in preclinical models of central nervous system disease. However, most of the studies proving the ability of cannabinoids in delay disease progression and prolong survival in ALS were performed in animal model, whereas the few clinical trials that investigated cannabinoids-based medicines were focused only on the alleviation of ALS-related symptoms, not on the control of disease progression. Te aim of this report was to provide a short but important overview of evidences that are useful to better characterize the efcacy as well as the molecular pathways modulated by cannabinoids.

Key words: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cannabinoids, symptomatic ALS treatment, experimental ALS model, clinical trials, mechanisms of neuroprotection