中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2017, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (1): 27-30.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.198968

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

恢复轴突定位和运输以促进损伤中枢神经系统修复:中枢神经系统再生的关键步骤

  

  • 收稿日期:2016-12-21 出版日期:2017-01-15 发布日期:2017-01-15
  • 基金资助:

    这项研究得到莫顿治疗麻痹基金和皇家社会研究基金的支持。

Restoring axonal localization and transport of transmembrane receptors to promote repair within the injured CNS: a critical step in CNS regeneration

Lindsey H. Forbes1, Melissa R. Andrews1, 2, *   

  1. 1. School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom; 
    2. Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
  • Received:2016-12-21 Online:2017-01-15 Published:2017-01-15
  • Contact: Melissa R. Andrews, Ph.D., M.R.Andrews@soton.ac.uk.
  • Supported by:

    MRA acknowledges support from the Morton Cure Paralysis Fund and Royal Society Research grant.

摘要:

随着神经元成熟,曾经是轴突导向和延长的关键调节剂蛋白质被下调,导致损伤后轴突修复的能力降低。通过概括生长促进蛋白(例如整联蛋白)的神经元表达,涉及介导细胞-细胞和细胞-基质相互作用、神经突生长和轴突再生的跨膜受体可以显着增强。例如,?9?1整合素异源二聚体在中枢神经系统发育期间高度表达,帮助生长锥形成和轴突延长,但在其成熟中枢神经系统轴突中被下调。它结合CNS的主要细胞外基质糖蛋白,腱生蛋白-C,其在损伤后高度上调,并且是轴突再生研究的最新靶标。尽管有这些有希望的发现,最近的数据显示区域和年龄特异性差异的存在导致整合素递送到轴索隔室的变化,是再生的另一个障碍。在新出版的研究中,Andrews 等人强调了以病毒载体为基础的表达后,局部整合素在不同神经元亚型中的差异。他们的研究结果显示,在成熟的皮质脊髓束和红细胞轴突中,外源表达整合素没有本地化或运输到轴突隔室,而是保留在生长体树突隔室。此外,体内或背根神经节注射后,外源表达的整合素分别成功地本地化在成熟视神经轴突以及成熟背根神经轴突中。这些数据在神经系统中建立了不同区域跨膜受体定位能力的差异。

ORCID: 0000-0001-5960-5619 (Melissa R. Andrews)

Abstract:

Each neuronal subtype is distinct in how it develops, responds to environmental cues, and whether it is capable of mounting a regenerative response following injury. Although the adult central nervous system (CNS) does not regenerate, several experimental interventions have been trialled with successful albeit limited instances of axonal repair. We highlight here some of these approaches including extracellular matrix (ECM) modification, cellular grafting, gene therapy-induced replacement of proteins, as well as application of biomaterials. We also review the recent report demonstrating the failure of axonal localization and transport of growth-promoting receptors within certain classes of mature neurons. More specifically, we discuss an inability of integrin receptors to localize within the axonal compartment of mature motor neurons such as in the corticospinal and rubrospinal tracts, whereas in immature neurons of those pathways and in mature sensory tracts such as in the optic nerve and dorsal column pathways these receptors readily localize within axons. Furthermore we assert that this failure of axonal localization contributes to the intrinsic inability of axonal regeneration. We conclude by highlighting the necessity for both combined therapies as well as a targeted approach specific to both age and neuronal subtype will be required to induce substantial CNS repair.

Key words: axonal transport, cellular therapies, extracellular matrix, gene therapy, integrin, regeneration, viral vectors