中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2017, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (1): 35-38.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.198970

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

内质网线粒体相互关联:线粒体肽人类蛋白的新作用

  

  • 收稿日期:2017-01-16 出版日期:2017-01-15 发布日期:2017-01-15
  • 基金资助:

    支持部分由EY01545(DRH),Arnold和Mabel Beckman基金会(DRH,RK),以及从研究到预防失明的眼科学会非限制性授权

Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial crosstalk: a novel role for the mitochondrial peptide humanin

Parameswaran G. Sreekumar1, David R. Hinton2, *,#, Ram Kannan1,#   

  1. 1. Arnold and Mabel Beckman Macular Research Center, Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 
    2. Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, USC Roski Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
  • Received:2017-01-16 Online:2017-01-15 Published:2017-01-15
  • Contact: David R. Hinton, M.D., F.A.R.V.O., dhinton@usc.edu.
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported in part by Grants EY01545 (DRH), the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation (DRH, RK) and an unrestricted
    grant to the Department of Ophthalmology from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc.

摘要:

作为真核细胞中最大的细胞器之一,内质网是分支小管和扁平囊的膜结合网络,其在蛋白质合成,折叠和结构成熟中起主要作用。最近的研究揭示了内质网-线粒体相互作用在病理生理情况下的意义。 内质网和线粒体在几个接触位点连接在一起以形成称为线粒体-内质网相关膜(MAM)或线粒体相关内质网膜(MERC)的特异性结构域。越来越多的报道表明错误折叠蛋白的积累在几种退行性眼病如色素性视网膜炎,青光眼和年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)的发病机理中起重要作用。即使没有明确的证据表明内质网应激直接参与AMD发病机制,但氧化应激,炎症,细胞死亡和血管生成与内质网应激和AMD关系密切。已经有研究提出,在视网膜色素上皮(RPE)和/或脉络膜中错误折叠的蛋白质诱导的内质网应激可导致慢性氧化应激,补体失调和AMD。我们实验室的工作证明了内质网应激在RPE细胞中参与细胞死亡调节,AMD是早期原发病理部位。诱导视网膜中的内质网应激和来自暴露于香烟烟雾小鼠的RPE /脉络膜复合物,已经证明其具有AMD风险因素。内质网应激通过上调UPR途径的血管内皮生长因子和下调抗血管生成色素上皮衍生因子,以及促进脉络膜新生血管形成而诱导血管生成。此外,据报道,一些内质网抑制剂如苹果酸可减少炎症和CNV形成。

ORCID:0000-0002-3971-8891(David R. Hinton)

Abstract:

In this review, the interactive mechanisms of mitochondria with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are discussed with emphasis on the potential protective role of the mitochondria derived peptide humanin (HN) in ER stress. The ER and mitochondria are dynamic organelles capable of modifying their structure and function in response to changing environmental conditions. The ER and mitochondria join together at multiple sites and form mitochondria-ER associated membranes that participate in signal transduction pathways that are under active investigation. Our laboratory previously showed that HN protects cells from oxidative stress induced cell death and more recently, described the beneficial role of HN on ER stress-induced apoptosis in retinal pigment epithelium cells and the involvement of ER-mitochondrial cross-talk in cellular protection. The protection was achieved, in part, by the restoration of mitochondrial glutathione that was depleted by ER stress. Thus, HN may be a promising candidate for therapy for diseases that involve both oxidative and ER stress. Developing novel approaches for retinal delivery of HN, its analogues as well as small molecular weight ER stress inhibitors would prove to be a valuable approach in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration.

Key words: endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, mitochondrial-derived peptide, antioxidants, retinal pigment epithelium, age-related macular degeneration