中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2017, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (2): 181-184.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.200794

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

肌萎缩性侧索硬化的当前问题与观点

  

  • 收稿日期:2017-01-26 出版日期:2017-02-15 发布日期:2017-02-15

Current view and perspectives in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Stéphane Mathis1, Philippe Couratier2, Adrien Julian3, Philippe Corcia4, Gwendal Le Masson1   

  1. 1. Department of Neurology, Neuro-Muscular Unit and ALS Center, CHU de Bordeaux (groupe hospitalier Pellegrin), Bordeaux cedex, France; 
    2. Department of Neurology, ALS Center, Centre de compétence SLA-fédération Tours-Limoges, CHU de Limoges, Limoges, France; 
    3 .Department of Neurology, CHU Poitiers, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France; 
    4. Department of Neurology, ALS Center, Centre de compétence SLA-fédération Tours-Limoges, CHU de Tours, Tours cedex 9, France
  • Received:2017-01-26 Online:2017-02-15 Published:2017-02-15
  • Contact: Stéphane Mathis, M.D., Ph.D., stephane.mathis@chu-bordeaux.fr.

摘要:

 

在肌萎缩性侧索硬化中,胶质介导的兴奋性毒性主要由谷氨酸能信号(通过细胞内钙超载)和神经元毒性改变的失调引起。这种兴奋性毒性假说已经催生了一个极其活跃的研究领域,旨在开发阻断兴奋性毒性过程的神经保护药物,例如利鲁唑(被认为可阻断中枢神经系统中谷氨酸能神经传递的神经保护药物),是唯一已被证明的药物(两个大型随机安慰剂对照临床试验):口服利鲁唑(每日100mg)将1年生存率提高15%,并延长生存3个月,(18个月治疗后)具有明确的剂量反应。长期使用利鲁唑与肌萎缩性侧索硬化患者更好的预后相关,而短期使用对存活几乎没有影响。自1994年和首次在肌萎缩性侧索硬化中使用这种抗谷氨酸药物以来,在动物模型和/或人类中进行了超过180个临床试验(在过去20年内进行的50个II期或III期临床试验),没有阳性结果。

 

ORCID:0000-0003-0775-4625(Stéphane Mathis)

Abstract:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), identified as a distinct clinical entity by Charcot since the end of the nineteenth century, is a devastating and fatal neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor neurons in the brain, brainstem and spinal cord. Survival of patients with ALS is associated with several factors such as clinical phenotype, age at onset, gender, early presence of respiratory failure, weight loss and treatment with Riluzole (the only disease-modifying drug approved for this disease). Nowadays, there is still no curative treatment for ALS: palliative care and symptomatic treatment are therefore essential components in the management of these patients. Nevertheless, the scientific knowledge in the field of ALS motor neuron degeneration is growing, with the prospect of new treatments. Based on this physiopathological knowledge, several new therapeutic targets are being studied, involving various mechanisms such as excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, RNA metabolism and other attractive concepts. Moreover, it is also important to identify reliable biomarkers that will be essential components for future therapeutic development and study design in ALS. In this review, we present the main recent advances and promising therapeutics and biomarkers in the field of ALS.

Key words: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Charcot, biomarkers, research, motor neuron, neurodegeneration