中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2017, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (4): 518-524.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.205000

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

轴突变性:使雪旺细胞再次强大

  

  • 收稿日期:2017-04-05 出版日期:2017-04-15 发布日期:2017-04-15
  • 基金资助:

    此项研究由肌肉萎缩症协会基金(# 292306、# 236648)、帝国国家发展公司HJKRI W753 U446基金、猎人希望基金会和布法罗大IMPACT基金共同赞助

Axon degeneration: make the Schwann cell great agai

Keit Men Wong1, Elisabetta Babetto1, 2, Bogdan Beirowski1, 3   

  1. 1 Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; 2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; 3 Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
  • Received:2017-04-05 Online:2017-04-15 Published:2017-04-15
  • Contact: Elisabetta Babetto, Ph.D. or Bogdan Beirowski, Ph.D., ebabetto@buffalo.edu or bogdanbe@buffalo.edu.
  • Supported by:

    The work in our laboratory is supported by Muscular Dystrophy Association grants #292306 and #236648, Empire State Development Corporation for HJKRI Grants W753 and U446, Hunter’s Hope Foundation, and University at Buffalo IMPACT funding.

摘要:

 

轴突变性是许多神经退行性疾病的关键特征,并且基本上说明了神经系统发病率。被广泛使用来研究轴突变性的实验模型机制是沃勒变性,其发生在急性轴突损伤后。在周围神经系统中,沃勒变性的特征在于快速拆除和清除受损的轴突与其髓鞘,这也是成功轴突再生的先决条件。在中枢神经系统中,沃勒变性更缓慢,这明显地导致轴突再生失败。虽然有充分的文献证明雪旺细胞在周围神经系统的再生潜力中具有关键作用,但迄今为止,我们只知道雪旺细胞如何“感觉”到轴突损伤并立即对其作出反应。在这方面,关于雪旺细胞在高度协调的轴突分解程序执行期间是否起到被动旁观者或主动导向器的作用方面仍然未知。

文章表示,较早的报告,连同近期的研究建议,弥漫性轴索损伤几分钟后,雪旺细胞会产生动态损伤反应,这发生在轴突分解很久之前。而雪旺细胞对轴突损伤的这一迅速反应可以对尚未致力于退化的不良受损轴突的完整性发挥促变性作用或支持性作用。事实上,研究者们普遍支持后一种概念,最近,在慢性周围神经系统神经变性模型中的研究结果表明,促进雪旺细胞损伤反应的关键分子失活会加剧轴突损失。如果这在更宽泛的条件范围内成立,它可以提供发展新的以胶质为中心的治疗方法以抵抗轴突丧失。

ORCID:0000-0002-5449-6318(Keit Men Wong);0000-0002-1241-1777(Bogdan Beirowski);0000-0002-6385-8288(Elisabetta Babetto)

Abstract:

Axonal degeneration is a pivotal feature of many neurodegenerative conditions and substantially accounts for neurological morbidity. A widely used experimental model to study the mechanisms of axonal degeneration is Wallerian degeneration (WD), which occurs after acute axonal injury. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), WD is characterized by swift dismantling and clearance of injured axons with their myelin sheaths. This is a prerequisite for successful axonal regeneration. In the central nervous system (CNS), WD is much slower, which significantly contributes to failed axonal regeneration. Although it is well-documented that Schwann cells (SCs) have a critical role in the regenerative potential of the PNS, to date we have only scarce knowledge as to how SCs ‘sense’ axonal injury and immediately respond to it. In this regard, it remains unknown as to whether SCs play the role of a passive bystander or an active director during the execution of the highly orchestrated disintegration program of axons. Older reports, together with more recent studies, suggest that SCs mount dynamic injury responses minutes after axonal injury, long before axonal breakdown occurs. The swift SC response to axonal injury could play either a pro-degenerative role, or alternatively a supportive role, to the integrity of distressed axons that have not yet committed to degenerate. Indeed, supporting the latter concept, recent findings in a chronic PNS neurodegeneration model indicate that deactivation of a key molecule promoting SC injury responses exacerbates axonal loss. If this holds true in a broader spectrum of conditions, it may provide the grounds for the development of new glia-centric therapeutic approaches to counteract axonal loss.

Key words: Wallerian degeneration, neurodegeneration, glia, oligodendrocytes, myelin, dedifferentiation