中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2017, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (5): 692-695.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.206631

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

神经干细胞的异质群体有助于髓鞘修复

  

  • 收稿日期:2017-05-02 出版日期:2017-05-15 发布日期:2017-05-15

Collapsin response mediator protein-2 plays a major protective role in acute axonal degeneration

Jian-Nan Zhang1, 2 , Jan C. Koch1, 3   

  1. 1 Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; 2 Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; 3 Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
  • Received:2017-05-02 Online:2017-05-15 Published:2017-05-15
  • Contact: Jan C. Koch, M.D., jkoch@med.uni-goettingen.de.

摘要:

 

轴突退变是许多神经系统疾病,包括帕金森病,阿尔茨海默病,肌萎缩性侧索硬化,多发性硬化和脊髓损伤的核心病理特征。它通常在神经元细胞体死亡之前发生,并且导致具有高临床相关性的中枢神经系统受影响区域受损的连接性。由于中枢神经系统轴突不能再生,这是由于成人中枢神经系统中胶质环境的抑制性分子线索,神经营养反应缺乏和分化的中枢神经系统神经元固有极低再生能力,所以通常神经缺陷是持续的。因此,解决神经退行性疾病的治疗方法应该抵抗轴突退变并促进已损伤轴突在抑制性中枢神经系统环境中的再生。有趣的是,越来越多的证据表明,collapsin反应介导蛋白-2(CRMP2)(也称为二氢嘧啶酶相关蛋白2(DPYSL2))是一种多功能分子,可以介导轴突再生和退变,因此它可能是此类疾病一个非常有前景的药物靶点。

CRMP2是在发育和成人中枢神经系统中的神经元和少突胶质细胞中高度表达的细胞质蛋白。它涉及多种神经元过程,主要包括神经突生长,轴突/树突模式,神经元极性,驱动蛋白依赖性轴突运输,微管动力学,突触集汇,神经递质释放和钙通道调控。研究已经显示CRMP2结合α-β-微管蛋白二聚体可以促进微管聚合和稳定化,并增强神经突生长。研究显示在特定位点磷酸化的CRMP2激酶是糖原合酶激酶-3β,细胞分裂蛋白激酶-5,Ca2 + /钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶-II,Rho-激酶ROCK)以及Src家族激酶Fyn。这些激酶造成的所有磷酸化产物可以抑制CRMP2功能,导致神经突退缩,生长锥塌陷和再生失败。因此,CRMP2磷酸化的去磷酸化或抑制可以促进轴突再生,增强对神经营养因子的敏感性,并且抵抗由硫酸软骨素蛋白多糖和髓鞘相关糖蛋白在体外诱导轴突再生的抑制作用。

ORCID:0000-0002-3778-0683(Jan C. Koch)

Abstract:

Axonal degeneration is a key pathological feature in many neurological diseases. It often leads to persistent deficits due to the inability of axons to regenerate in the central nervous system. Therefore therapeutic approaches should optimally both attenuate axonal degeneration and foster axonal regeneration. Compelling evidence suggests that collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2) might be a molecular target fulfilling these requirements. In this mini-review, we give a compact overview of the known functions of CRMP2 and its molecular interactors in neurite outgrowth and in neurodegenerative conditions. Moreover, we discuss in detail our recent findings on the role of CRMP2 in acute axonal degeneration in the optic nerve. We found that the calcium influx induced by the lesion activates the protease calpain which cleaves CRMP2, leading to impairment of axonal transport. Both calpain inhibition and CRMP2 overexpression effectively protected the proximal axons against acute axonal degeneration. Taken together, CRMP2 is further characterized as a central molecular player in acute axonal degeneration and thus evolves as a promising therapeutic target to both counteract axonal degeneration and foster axonal regeneration in neurodegenerative and neurotraumatic diseases.

Key words: collapsin response mediator protein-2, CRMP2, axonal regeneration, optic nerve cruch, axonal degeneration, calpain, axonal transport