中国神经再生研究(英文版)

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

诱导多能干细胞来源运动神经元的治疗机会和挑战:治疗肌萎缩性侧索硬化/运动神经元疾病患者

  

  • 收稿日期:2017-04-17 出版日期:2017-05-15 发布日期:2017-05-15

Therapeutic opportunities and challenges of induced pluripotent stem cells-derived motor neurons for treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and motor neuron disease

Manoj Kumar Jaiswal1, 2   

  1. 1 Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatry Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; 2 Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, US
  • Received:2017-04-17 Online:2017-05-15 Published:2017-05-15
  • Contact: Manoj Kumar Jaiswal, Ph.D., mj2750@cumc.columbia.edu.

摘要:

肌萎缩性侧索硬化(ALS)和运动神经元疾病(MND)可影响大脑上位和下位运动神经元(UMN/LMN),是一种影响脑干和脊髓神经细胞的进行性神经退行性疾病。临床表型的特征在于运动神经元(MN)丧失,肌无力和萎缩,导致麻痹,并且最终在疾病发作后3-5年内由于呼吸衰竭死亡。除了FDA批准的药物,利鲁唑能够适度地减慢一些患者的ALS/MNDs进展,目前还没有有效的治疗或治愈方法可以停止或逆转ALS/MNDs。人体衍生诱导多能干细胞(iPSC)的最近进展使得第一次获得大量的人体细胞以重现体外“疾病在培养皿中”并测试一些基础ALS/MND的关键致病机制成为可能。在本篇综述文章中,我们讨论了诱导多能干细胞 - 来自运动神经元治疗ALS / MND患者的机会和挑战,强调其在寻找治疗ALS/MNDs方面的意义。

ORCID:0000-0003-3702-2492(Manoj Kumar Jaiswal)

Abstract:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are progressive neurodegenerative diseases that affect nerve cells in the brain affecting upper and lower motor neurons (UMNs/LMNs), brain stem and spinal cord. The clinical phenotype is characterized by loss of motor neurons (MNs), muscular weakness and atrophy eventually leading to paralysis and death due to respiratory failure within 3–5 years after disease onset. No effective treatment or cure is currently available that halts or reverses ALS and MND except FDA approved drug riluzole that only modestly slows the progression of ALS in some patients. Recent advances in human derived induced pluripotent stem cells have made it possible for the first time to obtain substantial amounts of human cells to recapitulate in vitro “disease in dish” and test some of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms involved in ALS and MNDs. In this review, I discussed the opportunities and challenges of induced pluropotent stem cells-derived motor neurons for treatment of ALS and MND patients with special emphasis on their implications in finding a cure for ALS and MNDs.

Key words: iPSCs, stem cells, human patients, ALS, mitochondria, motor neuron disease, disease modeling, neurodegeneration, gene editing, transplantation, drug screening