中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2017, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (6): 881-885.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.208544

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

腺苷传感器细胞:揭示细胞外腺苷动力学的新方向

  

  • 收稿日期:2017-05-31 出版日期:2017-06-15 发布日期:2017-06-15

Novel aspects of extracellular adenosine dynamics revealed by adenosine sensor cells

Kunihiko Yamashiro1, 2, 3, Mitsuhiro Morita3   

  1. 1 Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan; 2 Department of NCNP Brain Physiology and Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan; 3 Department of Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Sciences, Kobe, Japan
  • Received:2017-05-31 Online:2017-06-15 Published:2017-06-15
  • Contact: Mitsuhiro Morita, Ph.D., mmorita@boar.kobe-u.ac.jp.

摘要:

腺苷是主要的神经调节剂,其本身不会诱导神经元活性,但会影响突触传递和尖峰频率的功效。腺苷通过形成受体异构体影响其他神经递质信号,并且与多巴胺D2受体竞争性相互作用的A2A受体阻断被认为是帕金森病的潜在治疗策略。血管、血细胞、胶质细胞和神经干细胞也受到大脑腺苷的影响。腺苷是许多器官中的有效血管扩张剂,包括大脑,以及血脑屏障的开启者。脑、小胶质细胞以及外周嗜中性粒细胞和单核细胞的常驻免疫细胞炎症反应都可通过腺苷的抗炎方向进行调节。星形胶质细胞功能和病理活化也可以被腺苷调节。神经干细胞强烈表达NTPDase2,其通过水解细胞外ATP和ADP产生腺苷,并且其增殖被腺苷上调。因此,腺苷浓度的细胞外动力学与腺苷受体表达结合在脑功能和病理学中起着关键作用。研究者们已经使用Nguyen等人总结的生物化学和生理学方法研究了细胞外腺苷。由于所有这些方法都需要特殊的设备和技术并且缺乏空间分辨率,我们开发了一种新的腺苷生物传感器,称为腺苷传感器细胞,其是细胞系表达A1受体和Gqi5用于将腺苷转导至磷脂酶C。

ORCID:0000-0002-9891-0242(Mitsuhiro Morita)

Abstract:

activities, blood flow, and inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the dynamics of extracellular adenosine are not fully understood. We have recently developed a novel biosensor, called an adenosine sensor cell, and we have characterized the neuronal and astrocytic pathways for elevating extracellular adenosine. In this review, the physiological implications and therapeutic potential of the pathways revealed by the adenosine sensor cells are discussed. We propose that the multiple pathways regulating extracellular adenosine allow for the diverse functions of this neuromodulator, and their malfunctions cause various neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Key words: adenosine, aquaporin, astrocyte, BDNF, calcium channel, epilepsy, psychiatric disorder