中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2017, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (7): 1062-1067.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.211180

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

诱导多能干细胞来源的神经细胞模型的应用

  

  • 收稿日期:2017-06-26 出版日期:2017-07-15 发布日期:2017-07-15

Using induced pluripotent stem cells derived neurons to model brain diseases

Cindy E. McKinney   

  1. iPSC Lab/Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine and The Gibbs Research Institute, Spartanburg, SC, USA
  • Received:2017-06-26 Online:2017-07-15 Published:2017-07-15
  • Contact: Cindy E. McKinney, Ph.D., cmckinney@carolinas.vcom.edu.

摘要:

 

Yamanako及其同事的研究表明,多种具有分化潜力的体细胞可重新编程为诱导多能干细胞(iPSC)。最常见的是,成纤维细胞或外周血单核细胞(PBMC),可从具有神经变性疾病的患者中获取,并用于制备iPSC衍生的神经细胞以研究疾病病理学。重编程方法需要4个转录因子(KLF4,c-MYC,OCT4和SOX2)来重置胚胎状态。然后可以通过向细胞培养基中加入必要的生长/分化蛋白和辅因子来将iPSC克隆转化为特定的细胞分化类型。

iPSCs特别适用于只能从尸体解剖材料获得人神经元和其他脑细胞研究。使用患者衍生的iPSC可以让研究人员创建定义的神经元群体,以适应研究需求。使用iPSC技术,神经变性和神经发育障碍研究的相关模型是特别容易建立的,因为分化细胞类型可以提供患者基因组背景用以研究疾病病因。当没有适当的动物模型可用时,iPSC衍生的细胞模型也可以克服这一障碍,并提供模拟神经元亚型如胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的能力。因此,细胞和分子表型可以推动神经精神病学、神经发育和神经变性疾病需要能够概括病理学的遗传原因并产生用于研究的靶细胞类型的人神经元细胞模型。文中回顾了获得完全表征人体iPSC和神经元的方法,以促进神经变性或神经发育疾病研究的发展。

Abstract:

The ability to use induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) to model brain diseases is a powerful tool for unraveling mechanistic alterations in these disorders. Rodent models of brain diseases have spurred understanding of pathology but the concern arises that they may not recapitulate the full spectrum of neuron disruptions associated with human neuropathology. iPSC derived neurons, or other neural cell types, provide the ability to access pathology in cells derived directly from a patient’s blood sample or skin biopsy where availability of brain tissue is limiting. Thus, utilization of iPSC to study brain diseases provides an unlimited resource for disease modelling but may also be used for drug screening for effective therapies and may potentially be used to regenerate aged or damaged cells in the future. Many brain diseases across the spectrum of neurodevelopment, neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric are being approached by iPSC models. The goal of an iPSC based disease model is to identify a cellular phenotype that discriminates the disease-bearing cells from the control cells. In this mini-review, the importance of iPSC cell models validated for pluripotency, germline competency and function assessments is discussed. Selected examples for the variety of brain diseases that are being approached by iPSC technology to discover or establish the molecular basis of the neuropathology are discussed.

Key words: induced pluripotent stem cells, neuron cell models, brain diseases, molecular mechanisms, therapeutics, translational medicine