中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2017, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (8): 1225-1230.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.213535

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

原始纤毛可作为神经元与环境之间的新起点

  

  • 收稿日期:2017-07-11 出版日期:2017-08-15 发布日期:2017-08-15
  • 基金资助:

    此项研究目前得到了美国国立卫生研究院(NIH 1 F30 MH110103)的支持

Primary cilia as a novel horizon between neuron and environment

Gregory W. Kirschen1, 2, Qiaojie Xiong2   

  1. 1 Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA;
    2 Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
  • Received:2017-07-11 Online:2017-08-15 Published:2017-08-15
  • Contact: Qiaojie Xiong, Ph.D.,Qiaojie.xiong@stonybrook.edu.
  • Supported by:

    GWK currently receives support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH 1 F30 MH110103).

摘要:

 

尽管现在已经很少人将原发性纤毛作为遗传残留附着物,但这些头发样感觉细胞器仍被持续忽视。原始纤毛与哺乳动物生物学相关的第一条线索是主要的纤毛不能正常组装或进行信号发生,特别是在生物发育过程中出现问题时。事实上,广泛的原发性纤毛类疾病,包括视网膜变性和脑、脊髓畸形,将科学界的注意力转移至胚胎发育过程中初级纤毛的关键作用上。尽管人们已经广泛认识到,原发性纤毛信号传导,例如通过Hedgehog介导的经由典型Wnt途径的细胞周期进程控制,对于整个发育中胚胎细胞的适当增殖、分化和迁移是必不可少的,一旦发育建立,原发性纤毛的潜在内稳态或疾病反应功能就会发生。特别是近年来,对中枢神经系统中原发性纤毛的研究已经增加,因为已经发现它们有助于稳态机制,并且也可能与成年生物体的神经变性或神经炎症状况有关。

本文概述了与中枢神经系统修复潜力有关的原发性纤毛生物学领域最新的技术和概念进展。在神经可塑性中引入了几种新近描述的原始纤毛的非典型作用,并提出了研究神经损伤背景下原发性纤毛在损伤和修复中作用的研究议题。操作初级纤毛结构或信号传导的新方法可能不仅可以增强对其在健康和疾病中作用的理解至关重要,而且还为靶向这些细胞器的新型治疗策略的开发提供了基础。

orcid:0000-0003-1371-8137(Gregory W. Kirschen)
0000-0002-9221-860X(Qiaojie Xiong)

Abstract:

The primary cilium, a hair-like sensory organelle found on most mammalian cells, has gained recent attention within the field of neuroscience. Although neural primary cilia have been known to play a role in embryonic central nervous system patterning, we are just beginning to appreciate their importance in the mature organism. After several decades of investigation and controversy, the neural primary cilium is emerging as an important regulator of neuroplasticity in the healthy adult central nervous system. Further, primary cilia have recently been implicated in disease states such as cancer and epilepsy. Intriguingly, while primary cilia are expressed throughout the central nervous system, their structure, receptors, and signaling pathways vary by anatomical region and neural cell type. These differences likely bear relevance to both their homeostatic and neuropathological functions, although much remains to be uncovered. In this review, we provide a brief historical overview of neural primary cilia and highlight several key advances in the field over the past few decades. We then set forth a proposed research agenda to fill in the gaps in our knowledge regarding how the primary cilium functions and malfunctions in nervous tissue, with the ultimate goal of targeting this sensory structure for neural repair following injury.

Key words: G protein-coupled receptor, sonic hedgehog, seizure, stroke, stem cell, neurogenesis, plasticity