中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2018, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (5): 757-763.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.232457

• 综述:周围神经损伤修复保护与再生 •    下一篇

未分化脂肪来源的干细胞在周围神经修复中的作用

  

  • 收稿日期:2018-04-09 出版日期:2018-05-15 发布日期:2018-05-15

The role of undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cells in peripheral nerve repair

Rui Zhang, Joseph M. Rosen   

  1. Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
  • Received:2018-04-09 Online:2018-05-15 Published:2018-05-15
  • Contact: Joseph M. Rosen, M.D.,Joseph.M.Rosen@Dartmouth.Edu.
  • Supported by:

     This work was supported by the Summer Research Funding of Medical Student Research Fellowships at Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine to RZ

摘要:

orcid:0000-0002-2956-3910(Rui Zhang)

Abstract:

Peripheral nerve injuries impose significant health and economic consequences, yet no surgical repair can deliver a complete recovery of sensory or motor function. Traditional methods of repair are less than ideal: direct coaptation can only be performed when tension-free repair is possible, and transplantation of nerve autograft can cause donor-site morbidity and neuroma formation. Cell-based therapy delivered via nerve conduits has thus been explored as an alternative method of nerve repair in recent years. Stem cells are promising sources of the regenerative core material in a nerve conduit because stem cells are multipotent in function, abundant in supply, and more accessible than the myelinating Schwann cells. Among different types of stem cells, undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cell (uASC), which can be processed from adipose tissue in less than two hours, is a promising yet underexplored cell type. Studies of uASC have emerged in the past decade and have shown that autologous uASCs are non-immunogenic, easy to access, abundant in supply, and efficacious at promoting nerve regeneration. Two theories have been proposed as the primary regenerative mechanisms of uASC: in situ trans-differentiation towards Schwann cells, and secretion of trophic and anti-inflammatory factors. Future studies need to fully elucidate the mechanisms, side effects, and efficacy of uASC-based nerve regeneration so that uASCs can be utilized in clinical settings.

Key words: peripheral nerve injury, adipose-derived stem cells, Schwann cells, cell therapy, nerve conduits, axonal regeneration, stem cell differentiation, neurotrophic factors, anti-apoptosis, immunosuppression