中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2018, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (5): 797-798.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.232466

• 观点:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

星形胶质细胞:中枢神经系统损伤后的朋友或敌人?

  

  • 收稿日期:2018-03-28 出版日期:2018-05-15 发布日期:2018-05-15

Current opinion on a role of the astrocytes in neuroprotection

Leon Teo, James A. Bourne   

  1. Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia)
  • Received:2018-03-28 Online:2018-05-15 Published:2018-05-15
  • Contact: James A. Bourne, BSc. (Hons), ARCS, Ph.D.,James.Bourne@monash.edu.
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC; APP20140228) and the Australian Research Council SRI Stem Cells Australia. The Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute is supported by the State Government of Victoria and the Australian Government. JAB is supported by an NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship (APP1077677).

摘要:

orcid: 0000-0002-0902-3108 (James A. Bourne)

Abstract:

Central nervous system (CNS) injuries remain a leading cause of functional disabilities worldwide, often resulting in permanent neurological impairments, due to the inability to repair and regenerate damaged connections. A major contributing factor to this loss of regenerative capacity is the formation of glial scar tissue (Cregg et al., 2014), traditionally regarded as a potent mechanical and molecular barrier to repair. The glial scar comprises primarily reactive astrocytes, a subset of NG2 glia, inflammatory cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins – mainly chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG; Cregg et al., 2014). The transition of astrocytes into their reactive state, as a consequence of pathological insults to the CNS, including trauma, inflammation and strokes, is characterized by changes in their morphology, gene/protein expression and role.These features are regulated by a host of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that modulate astrocyte reactivity, behaviour, proliferation and ECM secretions, ultimately culminating in the formation of the glial scar (Sofroniew, 2009). While astrogliosis and glial scarring have been well studied, especially in the context of repair inhibition,new evidence has begun to shed light on the previously unspecified neuroprotective role of reactive astrocytes after injury. Therefore,this perspective will discuss the most recent and significant research that has had altered the once held view of the astrocyte being solely inhibitory to repair following CNS injury.