中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2018, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (6): 983-984.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.233438

• 观点:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

脑源性神经营养因子在神经元可塑性和神经再生中的作用:新药及新药理学概念

  

  • 收稿日期:2018-04-16 出版日期:2018-06-15 发布日期:2018-06-15

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor in neuronal plasticity and neuroregeneration: new pharmacological concepts for old and new drugs

Solomon Habtemariam   

  1. Herbal Analysis Services UK & Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, University of Greenwich, Chatham-Maritime, Kent, UK
  • Received:2018-04-16 Online:2018-06-15 Published:2018-06-15
  • Contact: Solomon Habtemariam, Ph.D.,s.habtemariam@herbalanalysis.co.uk.

摘要:

orcid: 0000-0001-6743-2244 (Solomon Habtemariam)

Abstract:

Neurotrophins are peptides or proteins that are known to regulate neuronal viability, development, and function.Beyond synaptic plasticity, neurotrophins protect neurons from apoptosis and also promote neurogenesis to recover neuronal deficit even in adulthood. For various reasons that we have highlighted previously (Habtemariam, 2016a), neuronal cells in the brain are highly susceptible to oxidative stress and hence efficient cell survival mechanisms must be maintained at all times. Many age-related and other neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) in the brain are also associated with excessive oxidative damage resulting from either high production of reactive oxygen species generated by neurotoxic agents (e.g.,amyloid beta (Aβ)) or suppressed level of antioxidant defenses. Our progress in understanding neurotrophins in recent years has now offered more insight into therapeutic options for various NDs where neuroregeneration is considered the best therapeutic approach. This include traumatic brain injury (TBI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), among others. Neurotrophins that have been well-characterised to date include the nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5). Among the neurotrophins,BDNF is the best studied with explosive number of publications appeared in the last decade to establish its functional role in the brain and targeting it to treat for many diseases. Upon binding to its receptor,a signal transduction pathway that is common to the process of cell proliferation promotion and/or inhibition of the apoptosis cascade has been shown to be activated. Not surprisingly, the common mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, particularly the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, that regulates cell growth and differentiation is involved. Details of the signal transduction pathway including the ERK, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphoinositide phospholipase C-γ (PLCγ) pathway-mediated calcium ion mobilization and cellular events have been illustrated in a review by Numakawa et al.