中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2018, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (10): 1731-1732.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.238609

• 观点:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

内源性干细胞和移植干细胞,哪种更有利于神经再生

  

  • 收稿日期:2018-06-28 出版日期:2018-10-15 发布日期:2018-10-15

By using either endogenous or transplanted stem cells, which could you prefer for neural regeneration?

Satoru Matsuda, Yukie Nakagawa, Kumi Amano, Yuka Ikeda, Ai Tsuji, Yasuko Kitagishi   

  1. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya, Nishimachi, Nara, Japan)
  • Received:2018-06-28 Online:2018-10-15 Published:2018-10-15
  • Contact: Satoru Matsuda, MD, PhD,smatsuda@cc.nara-wu.ac.jp.

摘要:

orcid: 0000-0003-4274-5345 (Satoru Matsuda)

Abstract:

Neural regeneration by stem cells transplantation: Tissue regeneration and homeostasis are principally dependent on tissue stem cells which possess abilities of self-renewal and differentiation into multidirectional specialized cell types. In general,stem cells are critical for normal tissue renewal as well as repair after tissue injury. For example, mesenchymal stromal cells and endothelial progenitor cells identified in bone marrow could express several markers of pluripotent stem cells including Nanog and Oct-4. Such cells are also found in peripheral blood as well as in umbilical cord blood which might contribute to neural tissue-repair. Consequently, stems cells could constitute an asset for neural regeneration. Many studies have engaged different techniques for employing the neural stem cells into specific lineages such as neurons and glial cells, which may promote specific functional recovery through neurogenesis. In addition, preceding studies have revealed the recovery following transplantation of pluripotent stem cells in spinal cord injury models demonstrated the therapeutic potential of this approach, meaning that pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells promote the functional recovery of motor neuron following stem cells transplantation into the damaged neural tissues. Amazingly, the motor function in a non-human primate animal model has been restored by transplanting human stem cells. The functional improvement seems to be associated with the grafted neuronal stem cells. Synaptogenesis between graft-derived neurons and host-derived neurons may be possible contributing to the functional recovery. In addition,re-myelination of the de-myelinated axons is a key mechanism in the regeneration of the injured spinal cord neurons. So, neural stem cells need to primarily differentiate both into neurons and into oligodendrocytes. Axonal growth supported by astrocytes derived from transplanted stem cells may be another foundation for the observed recovery. A previous study had indicated that transplanted stem cells-derived astrocytes in an injured spinal cord promote the outgrowth of serotonergic axon fibers. Oligodendrocytes derived from transplanted stem cells may also play an essential role in promoting the neural recovery by re-myelination of axons.