中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2019, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (2): 256-257.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.244785

• 观点:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

成人神经干细胞可塑性:观点

  

  • 出版日期:2019-02-15 发布日期:2019-02-15

Adult neural stem cell plasticity

Elizabeth J. Sandquist1, Donald S. Sakaguchi2, 3   

  1. 1 Department of Zoology, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA;
    2 Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Neuroscience Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA;
    3 Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
  • Online:2019-02-15 Published:2019-02-15
  • Contact: Elizabeth J. Sandquist, PhD, esandquist@weber.edu.

Abstract:

Stem cells derived from adult tissues have long been considered multipotent, able to differentiate into a limited number of cell types found in their tissue of origin. Embryonic stem cells, in contrast, are pluripotent, which may differentiate into almost all cell types.With the ability to create induced pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells now available, the properties of multipotent stem cells are being re-evaluated. If adult cells may be reverted to pluripotent stem cells, can multipotent stem cells also be manipulated towards pluripotency? Advancements in biotechnology now allow for better methods to investigate stem cell plasticity, such as the relative influence of external versus intrinsic factors on cell fate. Recent studies indicate that adult neural stem cells (NSCs) demonstrate greater plasticity under certain conditions, resulting in the deriva-tion of a variety of cell types including muscle, hematopoietic, and epithelial cells. This suggests that NSCs may provide a potential source of rare cell types for clinical application as an alternative to embryonic stem cells. Producing rare cell types from NSCs rather than embryonic stem cells avoids the ethical issues surrounding the use of this cell type. Further, NSCs may be an advantageous source compared to induced pluripotent stem cells, which are difficult to create, expensive, and time-consuming to develop.