中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2019, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (3): 413-424.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.245334

• 综述:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

猪作为临床前创伤性脑损伤模型:当前模型,功能结果测量和翻译检测策略

  

  • 出版日期:2019-03-15 发布日期:2019-03-15

The pig as a preclinical traumatic brain injury model: current models, functional outcome measures, and translational detection strategies

Holly A. Kinder 1, 2 , Emily W. Baker 1, 2 , Franklin D. West 1, 2   

  1. 1 Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
    2 Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
  • Online:2019-03-15 Published:2019-03-15
  • Contact: Franklin D. West, PhD, westf@uga.edu.

摘要:

orcid: 0000-0002-0504-7997(Franklin D. West)

Abstract:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major contributor of long-term disability and a leading cause of death worldwide. A series of secondary injury cascades can contribute to cell death, tissue loss, and ultimately to the development of functional impairments. However, there are currently no effective therapeutic interventions that improve brain outcomes following TBI. As a result, a number of experimental TBI models have been developed to recapitulate TBI injury mechanisms and to test the efficacy of potential therapeutics. The pig model has recently come to the forefront as the pig brain is closer in size, structure, and composition to the human brain compared to traditional rodent models, making it an ideal large animal model to study TBI pathophysiology and functional outcomes. This review will focus on the shared characteristics between humans and pigs that make them ideal for modeling TBI and will review the three most common pig TBI models–the diffuse axonal injury, the controlled cortical impact, and the fluid percussion models. It will also review current advances in functional outcome assessment measures and other non-invasive, translational TBI detection and measurement tools like biomarker analysis and magnetic resonance imaging. The use of pigs as TBI models and the continued development and improvement of translational assessment modalities have made significant contributions to unraveling the complex cascade of TBI sequela and provide an important means to study potential clinically relevant therapeutic interventions.

Key words: traumatic brain injury, large animal model, pig model, diffuse axonal injury, functional outcome assessment measures, controlled cortical impact model, fluid percussion injury model, magnetic resonance imaging, biomarkers