中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2019, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (6): 962-966.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.249215

• 综述:视神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

青光眼的教训:重新思考常见神经退行性疾病的脑实质/液体障碍

  

  • 出版日期:2019-06-15 发布日期:2019-06-15

Lessons from glaucoma: rethinking the fluid-brain barriers in common neurodegenerative disorders

Francisco Javier Carreras   

  1. Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
  • Online:2019-06-15 Published:2019-06-15
  • Contact: Francisco Javier Carreras, MD, PhD, fcarrera@ugr.es.

摘要:

orcid: 0000-0002-8961-1291 (Francisco Javier Carreras)

Abstract:

Glaucoma has been recently characterized as a member of the group of anoikis-related diseases. Anoikis, a form of apoptosis, can be triggered by the unfastening of adherent junctions present in astrocytes. In those areas of the central nervous system in which the soma of the neurons or their axons and dendrites are metabolically dependent on the activity of astrocytes, a derangement of the lactate shuttle caused by a separation between the plasma membranes of neurons and astrocytes would result in metabolic impairment of the neurons themselves. In glaucoma, the triggering event has been attributed to the posterior deviation of aqueous humor towards the astrocyte-rich prelaminar tissue of the optic nerve head. The mean calcium content in the aqueous is able to interfere with calcium-dependent adherent junctions and induce anoikis of the astrocytes. As the cerebrospinal fluid has a similar base calcium concentration, a shunt of cerebrospinal fluid through the cerebral parenchyma would be able to interfere in the astrocytic architecture with dire consequences to the metabolically dependent neurons. Here the similitude between glaucoma, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease are discussed and the concept of the break in the fluid-brain barrier, as an event separated from the blood-brain barrier, is stressed.

Key words: fluid-brain barriers, blood-brain barrier, cerebrospinal fluid, aqueous humor, calcium ion, glaucoma, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease