中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2020, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (1): 47-52.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.264447

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

tRNA切割: 一种新的见解

  

  • 出版日期:2020-01-15 发布日期:2020-05-14

tRNA cleavage: a new insight

Sherif Rashad1, 2, *, Kuniyasu Niizuma1, 2, 3, Teiji Tominaga1   

  1. 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
    2 Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
    3 Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
  • Online:2020-01-15 Published:2020-05-14
  • Contact: Sherif Rashad, MD, PhD,sherif@nsg.med.tohku.ac.jp.

摘要: orcid: 0000-0002-4511-6360 (Sherif Rashad)

Abstract: Over the past decades, tRNA was found to be a rich hub of RNA modifications such as 1-methyladenosine and 5-methycytosine modifications and others, holding more than half of all modifications occurring in RNA molecules. Moreover, tRNA was discovered to be a source of various small noncoding RNA species, such as the stress induced angiogenin cleaved tRNA halves (tiRNA) or the miRNA like tRNA derived fragments. tRNA cleavage under stress was fist discovered in bacteria and later was found to be conserved across different species, including mammals. Under cellular stress conditions, tRNA undergoes conformational changes and angiogenin cleaves it into 3′ and 5′ halves. 5′tiRNA halves were shown to repress protein translations. tRNA cleavage is thought of to be a cytoprotective mechanism by which cells evade apoptosis, however some data hints to the opposite; that tiRNA are cytotoxic or at least related to apoptosis initiation. tRNA cleavage also was shown to be affected by tRNA modifications via different enzymes in the cytosol and mitochondria. In this review, we will highlight the biology of tRNA cleavage, show the evidence of it being cytoprotective or a marker of cell death and shed a light on its role in disease models and human diseases as well as possible future directions in this field of RNA research.

Key words: angiogenin, apoptosis, cell stress, RNA modification, stress granules, stroke, tiRNA, translation repression, tRNA, tRNA cleavage