中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2020, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (5): 838-842.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.268897

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

区域性脑神经退行性易感性:胶质细胞的作用是什么?

  

  • 出版日期:2020-05-15 发布日期:2020-05-30

Regional brain susceptibility to neurodegeneration: what is the role of glial cells?

Andrea Beatriz Cragnolini1, Giorgia Lampitella2, Assunta Virtuoso2, Immacolata Viscovo2, Fivos Panetsos3, Michele Papa2, Giovanni Cirillo2   

  1. 1 Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
    2 Human Anatomy and Laboratory of Morphology of Neuronal Networks, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
    3 Neuro-computing & Neuro-robotics Research Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Neural Plasticity Research Group, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
  • Online:2020-05-15 Published:2020-05-30
  • Contact: Giovanni Cirillo, MD, PhD,giovanni.cirillo@unicampania.it.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by grants from Regione Campania (L.R. N.5 Bando 2003, to MP), the Italian Minister of Research and University (PRIN 2007, to MP; PRIN 2017, to GC and MP), UNIMIB (Progetto ID 2019-ATESP-0001 and Progetto ID 2018-CONV-0056, to AV).

摘要: orcid: 0000-0003-3183-8773 (Giovanni Cirillo)

Abstract: The main pathological feature of the neurodegenerative diseases is represented by neuronal death that represents the final step of a cascade of adverse/hostile events. Early in the neurodegenerative process, glial cells (including astrocytes, microglial cells, and oligodendrocytes) activate and trigger an insidious neuroinflammatory reaction, metabolic decay, blood brain barrier dysfunction and energy impairment, boosting neuronal death. How these mechanisms might induce selective neuronal death in specific brain areas are far from being elucidated. The last two decades of neurobiological studies have provided evidence of the main role of glial cells in most of the processes of the central nervous system, from development to synaptogenesis, neuronal homeostasis and integration into, highly specific neuro-glial networks. In this mini-review, we moved from in vitro and in vivo models of neurodegeneration to analyze the putative role of glial cells in the early mechanisms of neurodegeneration. We report changes of transcriptional, genetic, morphological, and metabolic activity in astrocytes and microglial cells in specific brain areas before neuronal degeneration, providing evidence in experimental models of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. Understanding these mechanisms might increase the insight of these processes and pave the way for new specific glia-targeted therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders.

Key words: astrocytes, glial cells, microglia, neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammation, Parkinson’s disease, reactive gliosis, selective neuronal degeneration