中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2020, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (6): 973-979.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.270292

• 综述:视神经损伤修复保护与再生 •    下一篇

重编程星形胶质细胞中的成人神经发生

  

  • 出版日期:2020-06-15 发布日期:2020-07-01

Adult neurogenesis from reprogrammed astrocytes

Brian B. Griffiths, Anvee Bhutani, Creed M. Stary   

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, Pain & Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
  • Online:2020-06-15 Published:2020-07-01
  • Contact: Brian B. Griffiths, PhD,griffiths@stanford.edu.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the American Heart Association, No. 18POST33990395 (to BBG), American Heart Association, No.
    14FTF-19970029 (to CMS), and National Institutes of Health, No. NS107445 (to CMS).

摘要:

orcid: 0000-0003-2930-983X (Brian B. Griffiths) 

         0000-0001-9876-6634 (Creed M. Stary)

Abstract: The details of adult neurogenesis, including environmental triggers, region specificity, and species homology remain an area of intense investigation. Slowing or halting age-related cognitive dysfunction, or restoring neurons lost to disease or injury represent just a fraction of potential therapeutic applications. New neurons can derive from stem cells, pluripotent neural progenitor cells, or non-neuronal glial cells, such as astrocytes. Astrocytes must be epigenetically “reprogrammed” to become neurons, which can occur both naturally in vivo, and via artificial exogenous treatments. While neural progenitor cells are localized to a few neurogenic zones in the adult brain, astrocytes populate almost every brain structure. In this review, we will summarize recent research into neurogenesis that arises from conversion of post-mitotic astrocytes, detail the genetic and epigenetic pathways that regulate this process, and discuss the possible clinical relevance in supplementing stem-cell neurogenic therapies.

Key words: astrocyte, brain, dedifferentiation, development, disease, glia, injury, neurogenesis