中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2020, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (6): 996-1005.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.270298

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

损伤后神经元再生轴突的能力异质性

  

  • 出版日期:2020-06-15 发布日期:2020-07-01

Heterogeneity in the regenerative abilities of central nervous system axons within species: why do some neurons regenerate better than others?

William Rodemer1, Jianli Hu1, Michael E. Selzer1, 2, Michael I. Shifman1   

  1. 1 Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center (Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation), the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
    2 Department of Neurology, the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
  • Online:2020-06-15 Published:2020-07-01
  • Contact: Michael I. Shifman, PhD,mshifman@temple.edu.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by 85310-PHI Shriners Research Foundation (to MIS), NIH R01 NS092876 (to MES).

摘要: orcid: 0000-0001-5614-6074 (Michael I. Shifman)

Abstract: Some neurons, especially in mammalian peripheral nervous system or in lower vertebrate or in vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) regenerate after axotomy, while most mammalian CNS neurons fail to regenerate. There is an emerging consensus that neurons have different intrinsic regenerative capabilities, which theoretically could be manipulated therapeutically to improve regeneration. Population-based comparisons between “good regenerating” and “bad regenerating” neurons in the CNS and peripheral nervous system of most vertebrates yield results that are inconclusive or difficult to interpret. At least in part, this reflects the great diversity of cells in the mammalian CNS. Using mammalian nervous system imposes several methodical limitations. First, the small sizes and large numbers of neurons in the CNS make it very difficult to distinguish regenerating neurons from non-regenerating ones. Second, the lack of identifiable neurons makes it impossible to correlate biochemical changes in a neuron with axonal damage of the same neuron, and therefore, to dissect the molecular mechanisms of regeneration on the level of single neurons. This review will survey the reported responses to axon injury and the determinants of axon regeneration, emphasizing non-mammalian model organisms, which are often under-utilized, but in which the data are especially easy to interpret.

Key words: axonal regeneration, identifiable neurons, intrinsic factors, lamprey, Mauthner cell, Müller cell, neuronal death, non-mammalian model organisms, spinal cord injury, zebrafish