中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2021, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (8): 1518-1523.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.303008

• 综述:周围神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

周围神经损伤后的皮质可塑性与再生

  

  • 出版日期:2021-08-15 发布日期:2021-01-13

Cortical plasticity and nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injury

Ci Li1, 2, Song-Yang Liu1, 2, Wei Pi1, 2, Pei-Xun Zhang1, 2, 3, *   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China; 2Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing, China; 3National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China
  • Online:2021-08-15 Published:2021-01-13
  • Contact: Pei-Xun Zhang, PhD, zhangpeixun@bjmu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education of China, No. BMU2020XY005-03; National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 31771322; Beijing Science & Technology New Star Cross Project of China, No. 201819; Major R & D Program of National Ministry of Science and Technology of China, No. 2018YFB1105504; a grant from National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China, No. BMU2020XY005-01 (all to PXZ).

摘要: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7200-2281 (Pei-Xun Zhang)

Abstract: With the development of neuroscience, substantial advances have been achieved in peripheral nerve regeneration over the past decades. However, peripheral nerve injury remains a critical public health problem because of the subsequent impairment or absence of sensorimotor function. Uncomfortable complications of peripheral nerve injury, such as chronic pain, can also cause problems for families and society. A number of studies have demonstrated that the proper functioning of the nervous system depends not only on a complete connection from the central nervous system to the surrounding targets at an anatomical level, but also on the continuous bilateral communication between the two. After peripheral nerve injury, the interruption of afferent and efferent signals can cause complex pathophysiological changes, including neurochemical alterations, modifications in the adaptability of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, and the reorganization of somatosensory and motor regions. This review discusses the close relationship between the cerebral cortex and peripheral nerves. We also focus on common therapies for peripheral nerve injury and summarize their potential mechanisms in relation to cortical plasticity. It has been suggested that cortical plasticity may be important for improving functional recovery after peripheral nerve damage. Further understanding of the potential common mechanisms between cortical reorganization and nerve injury will help to elucidate the pathophysiological processes of nerve injury, and may allow for the reduction of adverse consequences during peripheral nerve injury recovery. We also review the role that regulating reorganization mechanisms plays in functional recovery, and conclude with a suggestion to target cortical plasticity along with therapeutic interventions to promote peripheral nerve injury recovery.

Key words: cortical plasticity, injury, mechanisms, nerve transfer, neurorrhaphy, peripheral nerve, phantom limb pain, recovery, regeneration, treatment