中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2021, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (10): 2010-2011.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.308079

• 观点:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物标记物指导的药物疗法:治疗阿尔茨海默病的个性化药物

  

  • 出版日期:2021-10-15 发布日期:2021-03-19

Biomarker-guided drug therapy: personalized medicine for treating Alzheimer’s disease

Charvi Syal, Jing Wang*   

  1. Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada (Syal C, Wang J)
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine; Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada (Wang J)
    Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Ottawa, ON, Canada (Wang J)
  • Online:2021-10-15 Published:2021-03-19
  • Contact: Jing Wang, PhD,jiwang@ohri.ca.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by Ottawa Hospital Foundation, Scottish Rite Charitable Foundation research grant, NSERC and CIHR project grant (to JW).

摘要:

Neural Regen Res:生物标记物引导AD靶向治疗:从“全民接受”到“魔术子弹”药物疗法的转变

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种进行性神经退行性疾病,表现为明显的记忆力下降和认知障碍。AD具有两个经典的神经病理学特征,即淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)斑块和神经原纤维缠结。目前,除NMDA受体或胆碱酯酶活性阻断剂类药物,尚无可缓解AD的疗法。在过去的二十多年中,AD的淀粉样蛋白级联假说一直是生物标记物开发和改良治疗策略的重点,并得到了遗传、生物化学和组织病理学等强有力的证据支持。遗憾的是,几种影响Aβ形成、聚集和清除的药物临床应用均告失败,学术界开始重新考虑开发针对AD的治疗方法。鉴于AD的病因复杂以及“全民接受”疗法的临床干预的失败,研究者考虑改变治疗策略,以取得更有效、更有利的抗AD结果。因此,针对具有不同遗传、分子或病理学特征的特定AD亚群开发定制/靶向治疗成为新的研究方向。

 

来自加拿大渥太华医院研究所的Jing Wang团队基于以往研究讨论了三种潜在分子生物标记作为靶向治疗主要候选药物的前景,即单酰基甘油脂酶(Mgll),载脂蛋白E4APOE4)和PIK3/AKT/GSK-3β信号通路。他们认为对特定AD病理生理机制的了解为开发以生物标记物为导向的靶向疗法提供了广阔的前景。正如肿瘤医学所证明的那样,基于生物标志物的诊断可以准确、可靠地在疾病早期准确识别患者。因此,基于生物标记物的AD诊断方法有望使治疗策略从传统的“全民接受”转变为“魔术子弹”的药物疗法,从而开发出以生物标记物为指导的靶向疗法。当然,还需要进一步研究不同来源(如脑脊液、血液、唾液和尿液)的生物标志物的差异。

 

 

文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志20211010期发表。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2410-4771 (Jing Wang) 

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with significant memory decline and cognitive impairment. AD is characterized by two classical neuropathological hallmarks, namely the amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibril tangles. Currently, there are no disease-modifying treatments available for AD, except for a couple of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs to improve cognitive function by blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors or cholinesterase activity (Panza et al., 2019). While these drugs offer some symptomatic relief against AD, they do little to halt the progression of the disease. For over two decades, the amyloid cascade hypothesis of AD has been the central focus for the development of biomarkers and disease-modifying therapeutic strategies, supported by strong genetic, biochemical and histopathological evidence. Unfortunately, over 15 years of clinical failure with several classes of anti-Aβ drugs that affect the formation, aggregation and clearance of Aβ have made the research community rethink the strategies to develop appropriate treatments for AD (Panza et al., 2019). AD is characterized by a vast heterogeneity in its pathophysiology that is influenced by several risk factors such as aging, lifestyle, and genetic and environmental changes. The complex etiology of the disease, coupled with the failure of past clinical interventions directed at a “fit-for-all” therapy, demands a change in therapeutic strategies for an effective and more favourable outcome against AD. There is thus, a need for the development of tailored/targeted therapy for specific AD subpopulations that share distinct genetic, molecular or pathological properties. In this regard, our perspective discusses three potential molecular biomarkers, namely monoacylglycerol lipase (Mgll), apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIK3)/protein kinase (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) signaling pathway, as prime candidates for targeted therapy.