中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2021, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (10): 2015-2016.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.308089

• 观点:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

帕金森病背景下的短链脂肪酸

  

  • 出版日期:2021-10-15 发布日期:2021-03-19

Short-chain fatty acids in the context of Parkinson’s disease

Judith Metzdorf, Lars Tönges*   

  1. Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, 
    Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
  • Online:2021-10-15 Published:2021-03-19
  • Contact: Lars Tönges, MD, lars.toenges@rub.de.
  • Supported by:
    The figure is created with BioRender.com.

摘要:

Neural Regen Res短链脂肪酸影响神经炎症疾病进程

 

研究神经退行性疾病,如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病或肌萎缩侧索硬化症,在我们的社会中正变得越来越重要。由于人口老龄化,这些疾病的发病率在世界范围内不断上升,目前还没有因果疗法。这一观点集中于帕金森病,一种中枢神经系统的运动障碍,估计在欧洲的患病率在651250/100000之间,影响到大约1%60岁以上的人口。临床症状包括运动迟缓、震颤或僵硬等运动症状,这些症状与黑质多巴胺能神经元及其支配纹状体的轴突纤维丢失有关。其他非运动性症状可能包括抑郁、嗅觉减退、认知能力下降或因胃肠道运动受损而便秘。多巴胺能及周围细胞α-突触核蛋白的聚集和功能障碍是该病的主要病理特征。炎症过程也涉及非神经细胞类型,如星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和T细胞,对病程有显著影响。目前,人们对影响帕金森病发生发展的环境因素如胃肠道微生物组成等进行了讨论。人类肠道中含有大约160种细菌,这些细菌对消化膳食纤维和合成几种蛋白质或维生素是必不可少的。因此,微生物组有助于人类肠道代谢,并已证明对人类健康有若干直接影响。

来自德国的Judith Metzdorf 博士及其团队收集强有力证据表明PD患者的胃肠道微生物群发生了变化,肠道代谢组的组成也发生了同样的变化。短链脂肪酸是越来越多研究的肠道代谢物,已显示出巨大的潜力,影响神经炎症疾病的进程。它们在帕金森病等神经退行性运动障碍中的作用尚不清楚,但在转化疾病模型和人类临床试验中的分析都在提高我们的认识。

相关观点文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志202110 10  期发表。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6621-144X (Lars Tönges)

Abstract: Research on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson´s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is becoming increasingly important in our society. Due to the ageing of the population, the prevalence of these diseases continue to rise worldwide, and causal cures are not yet available (Erkkinen et al., 2018). This Perspective focusses on PD, a movement disorder of the central nervous system with an estimated prevalence between 65 and 1250/100,000 in Europe, affecting about 1 percent of the population older than 60 years. The clinical symptoms include motor symptoms like bradykinesia, tremor or rigidity which are associated with loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and their innervating axonal fibers to the striatum. Additional non-motor symptoms may consist in depression, hyposmia, cognitive decline or constipation due to impaired motility of the gastrointestinal tract. The aggregation and dysfunction of the protein α-Synuclein (αSyn) in dopaminergic and surrounding cells is the major pathological hallmark of the disease. Its course is significantly influenced by inflammatory processes that also involve non-neuronal cell types such as astroglia, microglia and T cells. Currently, several environmental factors are discussed to influence the development and progression of PD such as the microbiome composition of the gastrointestinal tract. The human gut contains about 160 bacterial species which are essential for the digestion of dietary fibers and the synthesis of several proteins or vitamins. Therefore, the microbiome contributes to the human enteral metabolism and several direct effects on human health have been demonstrated (Rowland et al., 2018).