中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2021, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (10): 1998-1999.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.308093

• 观点:视神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

体内直接重编程作为脑和视网膜修复的治疗策略

  

  • 出版日期:2021-10-15 发布日期:2021-03-19

In vivo direct reprogramming as a therapeutic strategy for brain and retina repair

Haruka Sekiryu, Taito Matsuda*   

  1. Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
  • Online:2021-10-15 Published:2021-03-19
  • Contact: Taito Matsuda, PhD, tmatsuda@scb.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
  • Supported by:
    This work is supported by Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) JP18K14820 (to TM), and Medical Care Education Research Foundation (to HS).

摘要:

Neural Regen Res:体内直接重编程技术有望修复脑和视网膜损伤

一旦神经元因损伤或退化而丢失就很难在大多数哺乳动物中枢神经系统区域再生。在成年啮齿动物的某些大脑区域,如侧脑室的脑室下区和齿状回的颗粒下区,神经干细胞被保留并产生新的神经元。尽管来自神经干细胞的一小部分新神经元在脑损伤后迁移到病变部位,但它们不足以完全恢复神经元功能。使用诱导多能干细胞或胚胎干细胞进行细胞移植已成为治疗神经损伤或变性的一种有吸引力的治疗策略。神经干细胞移植治疗脑卒中已被广泛研究,并显示出良好的结果。对于帕金森氏症,从人胚胎干细胞或单核细胞移植多巴胺能神经元正在成为一种治疗方法(Barker等人,2015)。然而,免疫排斥和肿瘤发生的风险仍然是这种治疗方法的主要缺点。最近尝试用直接重编程系统修复神经元回路,大大增加了我们对再生过程中涉及的分子机制的认识。解开NeuroD1控制小胶质细胞命运的分子和细胞机制,是设计利用小胶质细胞向神经元转化修复受损人脑和视网膜策略的一个令人兴奋的起点。来自日本九州大学医学研究生院的Taito Matsuda博士及其团队认为体内直接重编程技术的进一步发展将极大地提高将这一策略推向临床成功实施的机会。

相关观点文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志2021年 10 月 10  期发表。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9859-5967 (Taito Matsuda) 

Abstract: Once neurons are lost because of injury or degeneration, they hardly ever regenerate in most mammalian central nervous system (CNS) regions. In adult rodents, some brain regions, such as the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, retain neural stem cells (NSCs) and generate new neurons. Although a small population of new neurons derived from NSCs migrate toward lesion sites after brain injury, they are insufficient to completely restore neuronal functions. Cell transplantation using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or embryonic stem cells (ESCs) has become an attractive therapeutic strategy for nerve injury or degeneration (Barker et al., 2015; Huang and Zhang, 2019). For Parkinson’s disease, transplantation of dopaminergic neurons from human ESCs or iPSCs is emerging as a therapeutic approach (Li and Chen, 2016). However, the risks of immune rejection and tumorigenesis remain substantial drawbacks of this therapeutic approach.