中国神经再生研究(英文版)

中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2021, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (12): 2359-2366.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.313026

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

间充质干细胞衍生的细胞外囊泡和外泌体miRNA在神经系统疾病中的潜在作用

  

  • 出版日期:2021-12-15 发布日期:2021-05-13

Potential effects of mesenchymal stem cell derived extracellular vesicles and exosomal miRNAs in neurological disorders

Masako Nakano*, Mineko Fujimiya   

  1. Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
  • Online:2021-12-15 Published:2021-05-13
  • Contact: Masako Nakano, MD, PhD, m.nakano@sapmed.ac.jp.

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摘要：

Neural Regen Res：细胞外囊泡和外泌体来源miRNA可以改善各种脑疾病的病理改变

间充质干细胞是具有抗炎、抗凋亡和免疫调节作用的多能细胞。现有用于治疗阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病的药物效果有限。由于骨髓间充质干细胞在移植后很难分化为神经细胞，因此骨髓间充质干细胞分泌的旁分泌因子被认为具有治疗作用。细胞外小泡和外小体是间充质干细胞释放出来的小泡，包含各种分子，包括蛋白质、mRNAs和miRNAs。近年来，在神经系统疾病模型中应用外显体/细胞外小泡通过外显体转移到受损细胞中来改善神经元功能障碍。此外，来自间充质干细胞的各种miRNAs已经被鉴定出来，这些miRNAs可以调节各种基因，减少各种神经系统疾病的神经病理学改变。

来自日本札幌医科大学医学院的Masako Nakano团队认为由于miRNAs抑制多种靶基因的表达，间充质干细胞的治疗作用可能主要是通过细胞外囊泡介导miRNAs的表达来发挥的。与细胞疗法不同的是，来源于间充质干细胞的细胞外囊泡和外泌体治疗似乎不会带来诸如肿瘤形成、细胞排斥和血栓形成等不良反应的风险。间充质干细胞来源的外显子/细胞外囊泡比间充质干细胞本身发挥更有利的作用。然而，临床结局可能受注射细胞数量、注射途径、培养环境或疾病分期的影响。

文章在《中国神经再生研究（英文版）》杂志2021年 12 月 12 期发表。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003- 1025-2386 (Masako Nakano)

Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent cells that possess anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and immunomodulatory properties. The effects of existing drugs for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease are limited, thus mesenchymal stem cell therapy has been anticipated as a means of ameliorating neuronal dysfunction. Since mesenchymal stem cells are known to scarcely differentiate into neuronal cells in damaged brain after transplantation, paracrine factors secreted from mesenchymal stem cells have been suggested to exert therapeutic effects. Extracellular vesicles and exosomes are small vesicles released from mesenchymal stem cells that contain various molecules, including proteins, mRNAs and microRNAs. In recent years, administration of exosomes/extracellular vesicles in models of neurological disorders has been shown to improve neuronal dysfunctions, via exosomal transfer into damaged cells. In addition, various microRNAs derived from mesenchymal stem cells that regulate various genes and reduce neuropathological changes in various neurological disorders have been identified. This review summarizes the effects of exosomes/extracellular vesicles and exosomal microRNAs derived from mesenchymal stem cells on models of stroke, subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, and cognitive impairments, including Alzheimer’s disease.

Key words: exosomes, extracellular vesicles, mesenchymal stem cells, microRNA, neurological disorders