中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2022, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (2): 311-312.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.317968

• 观点:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

含硒化合物对Cu2+/Zn2+诱导的神经元细胞死亡的影响及其作为神经系统疾病治疗剂的潜在应用

  

  • 出版日期:2022-02-15 发布日期:2021-10-08

Effects of selenium-containing compounds on Cu2+/Zn2+-induced neuronal cell death and potential application as therapeutic agents for neurological diseases

Ken-ichiro Tanaka*, Mikako Shimoda, Masahiro Kawahara   

  1. Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Shinmachi, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  • Online:2022-02-15 Published:2021-10-08
  • Contact: Ken-ichiro Tanaka, PhD, k-tana@musashino-u.ac.jp.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by grants from The Research Foundation for Pharmaceutical Sciences (to KiT), and in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [KAKENHI KIBAN (C) 18K06669] (to MK). 

摘要: Neural Regen Res:含硒化合物有治疗神经系统疾病的潜力
在许多组织中,铁、锌、铜等微量金属在免疫功能、细胞分裂和酶功能等生理功能中起着重要作用。然而,在人类和实验动物模型中已经表明,体内过量的这些微量金属会导致中枢神经系统、肝脏和呼吸道的各种疾病。虽然锌在中枢神经系统中的作用引起争议,一些研究表明锌具有保护作用,但学者们对过量锌对中枢神经系统的负面影响感兴趣。以往研究表明,锌在缺血损伤后释放过多,是神经元死亡的主要调节因子,Zn2+诱导的神经元死亡是缺血性损伤后痴呆的重要原因。大脑和/或脑脊液中存在其他微量金属,在神经元兴奋期间,突触囊泡中累积的Cu2+被释放到突触裂中。随着这些微量金属的浓度逐渐增加,特别是在病理条件下,推测这些金属-金属相互作用可能导致神经元细胞死亡,并影响神经疾病的发生和加重。硒氨酸在临床上应用于神经疾病的治疗还存在一些问题需要解决。硒的有效剂量与毒性剂量相差不大,因此必须认真测定含硒化合物的临床剂量。尽管含硒化合物在人体内的副作用已经被描述过,动物和细胞模型中也报告了含硒化合物引起的一些不良事件。用硒-DL半胱氨酸治疗Hela细胞会导致两种形态上不同的细胞死亡,一种是凋亡样表型,另一种是截瘫样表型。另外,硒在体内外诱导活性氧和甲烷二羧酸醛的产生,硒可促进大鼠口腔鳞癌细胞凋亡促进因子caspase-3和细胞色素c的表达。
来自日本武藏野大学药学院的Masahiro Kawahara认为用动物模型进行详细的有效剂量测定和不良反应剂量测定是非常重要的。在氧化条件下,硒对阿尔茨海默病患者淋巴细胞具有抗氧化作用。在散发性阿尔茨海默病的代谢模型中,ebselen(含硒化合物)通过增加抗氧化剂的活性来逆转记忆障碍和海马氧化应激。含硒化合物的抗氧化介导的细胞毒性抑制作用对神经疾病有一定的抑制作用。为了证明足够的疗效,必须将含硒化合物适当地送到疾病部位。在动物模型中,通过抑制氧化应激,给硒和黄酮包裹纳米颗粒可通过抑制氧化应激降低淀粉样蛋白β,淀粉样蛋白在阿尔茨海默病的发育中起重要作用。推测,将硒的最佳剂量靶向致病部位可能导致药物的开发,这种药物可以抑制神经疾病的发病和加重,而不会产生副作用。
    文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志2022年 2 月  2 期发表。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1893-0751 (Ken-ichiro Tanaka) 

Abstract: In many tissues, trace metals such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) are important for various physiological functions such as immune function, cell division, and enzyme function. However, it has been shown in humans and experimental animal models that excessive amounts of these trace metals in the body can induce various diseases in the central nervous system, liver, and respiratory tract. Although the role of zinc in the central nervous system is controversial, with some reports suggesting a protective role, we are interested in the negative effects of excessive amounts of zinc on the central nervous system. Previous studies suggest that zinc, which is released in excessive amounts after ischemic injury, is a major modulator of neuronal death, and that Zn2+-induced neuronal death is an important cause of dementia after ischemic injury (Koh et al., 1996). In addition, other trace metals are present in the brain and/or cerebrospinal fluid, and during neuronal excitation, Cu2+ accumulated in synaptic vesicles is released into the synaptic cleft (Opazo et al., 2014). As the concentrations of these trace metals have been noted to increase, especially under pathological conditions, our research group speculated that these metal-metal interactions may induce neuronal cell death and influence the onset and exacerbation of neurological diseases.