中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2022, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (3): 469-476.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.320966

• 综述:神经损伤修复保护与再生 •    下一篇

胶质细胞源性神经营养因子和细胞重编程对海马相关神经系统疾病的治疗潜力

  

  • 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2021-10-14

Therapeutic potential of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and cell reprogramming for hippocampal-related neurological disorders

Priscila Chiavellini, Martina Canatelli-Mallat, Marianne Lehmann, Rodolfo G. Goya, Gustavo R. Morel*   

  1. Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata (INIBIOLP)-Histology and Embryology B, School of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • Online:2022-03-15 Published:2021-10-14
  • Contact: Gustavo R. Morel, PhD, gustavmorel@med.unlp.edu.ar.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by grant #PICT16-1070 from the Argentine Agency for the Promotion of Science and Technology (ANCYPT) to GRM.

摘要: Neural Regen Res:神经系统疾病:胶质细胞源性神经营养因子基因治疗和非神经细胞重编程的治疗
功能性神经疾病如阿尔茨海默病、癫痫和抑郁症与海马功能障碍有关。在这种背景下,研究和开发新的治疗工具,如基因治疗和细胞重编程策略,可能会为这些破坏性疾病的治疗开辟新的途径。胶质细胞源性神经营养因子在海马中仍然是一个有价值的治疗基因。胶质细胞源性神经营养因子基因治疗可作为海马功能障碍的神经保护策略。前期研究表明包括阿尔茨海默病、癫痫和严重抑郁障碍在内的神经系统疾病是一个复杂的多因素过程,包括神经回路结构和功能的慢性改变。胶质细胞源性神经营养因子及其GFRα家族受体在认知中起着重要作用,包括空间记忆保留和模式分离、老龄化过程中海马功能障碍和阿尔茨海默病时海马功能障碍相关的两个行为特征。另一方面,局部增加海马胶质细胞源性神经营养因子水平的策略可抑制癫痫持续性发作与抑郁症状的减轻。
来自阿根廷拉普拉塔国立大学的Gustavo R. Morel团队认为海马在认知和情绪过程以及下丘脑-垂体轴的调节中起着关键作用。在正常衰老过程中会发生轻微的神经退行性改变,在阿尔茨海默病中会出现严重的萎缩。此外,海马功能失调导致癫痫和精神障碍。海马胶质细胞源性神经营养因子基因治疗有可能通过提高胶质细胞源性神经营养因子水平,促进健康的神经元环境和神经可塑性来治疗这些疾病。因此,调节转基因表达到新工程载体的能力,对于长期治疗或限制在临时表达窗口的途径而言,可能是一个显著优势。细胞重编程是一种潜在有效的策略,可以减轻中枢神经系统中与年龄相关的功能障碍,包括神经退行性疾病。表观结构重建作为一种治疗许多人类疾病的创新治疗方法,包括癫痫和严重抑郁障碍,显示出巨大的潜力。预计在未来几年,细胞重新编程将使个性化再生医学治疗神经系统疾病成为可能。
文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志2022年 3月 3 期发表。


https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-7014 (Gustavo R. Morel) 

Abstract: Hippocampus serves as a pivotal role in cognitive and emotional processes, as well as in the regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis. It is known to undergo mild neurodegenerative changes during normal aging and severe atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, dysregulation in the hippocampal function leads to epilepsy and mood disorders. In the first section, we summarized the most salient knowledge on the role of glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptors focused on aging, cognition and neurodegenerative and hippocampal-related neurological diseases mentioned above. In the second section, we reviewed the therapeutic approaches, particularly gene therapy, using glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor or its gene, as a key molecule in the development of neurological disorders. In the third section, we pointed at the potential of regenerative medicine, as an emerging and less explored strategy for the treatment of hippocampal disorders. We briefly reviewed the use of partial reprogramming to restore brain functions, non-neuronal cell reprogramming to generate neural stem cells, and neural progenitor cells as source-specific neuronal types to be implanted in animal models of specific neurodegenerative disorders. 

Key words: aging, Alzheimer’s disease, cell reprogramming, epilepsy, gene therapy, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, hippocampus, major depression