中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2022, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (4): 793-794.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.322460

• 观点:视神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

易位蛋白配体对年龄相关性黄斑变性的治疗潜力

  

  • 出版日期:2022-04-15 发布日期:2021-10-16

Therapeutic potential of translocator protein ligands for age-related macular degeneration

Xing Li, Zhiming He, Xinhua Shu*   

  1. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan Province, China (Li X, He Z, Shu X)
    Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences; Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK (Shu X) 
  • Online:2022-04-15 Published:2021-10-16
  • Contact: Xinhua Shu, PhD, Xinhua.Shu@gcu.ac.uk.
  • Supported by:
    The present work was supported by the Rosetrees Trust, National Eye Research Centre, Tenovus Scotland and the Lotus Scholarship Program of Hunan Province (2019) (to XS). XS is a visiting professor to Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China.

摘要: Neural Regen Res:易位蛋白配体可治疗年龄相关性黄斑变性
年龄相关性黄斑变性的主要病理特征是视网膜下黄斑区细胞外沉积的异常堆积。这些沉积物阻碍了脉络膜毛细血管和视网膜色素上皮细胞之间的营养和废物的正常交换,导致视网膜色素上皮细胞的初始功能障碍和后期死亡。年龄相关性黄斑变性患者眼睛的组织病理分析显示视网膜色素上皮下方存在载脂蛋白、胆固醇和胆固醇酯沉积。全基因组关联研究还表明,肝脂肪酶C和胆固醇酯转移蛋白参与甘油三酯代谢的关键基因和高密度脂蛋白参与年龄相关性黄斑变性的发病机制。视网膜和视网膜色素上皮中的额外胆固醇的去除通过反向胆固醇转运介导,这种转运有助于将细胞胆固醇返回肝脏,以储存或排泄。易位蛋白通过胆固醇识别氨基酸在第五跨膜域上的一致性与胆固醇结合,主要负责胆固醇从线粒体外膜转移到线粒体内膜,在类固醇细胞中胆固醇被转化为孕烯醇龙,在非甾体生成细胞如视网膜色素上皮和巨噬细胞中转化为氧甾醇。氧甾醇可激活LXRα信号通路,上调胆固醇转运基因,增加胆固醇流出。易位蛋白还与氧化应激、炎症和凋亡等其他细胞功能有关。啮齿动物易位蛋白的缺失可能会导致不同的特征,可能是由于建立敲除模型的方法或敲除模型之间的遗传背景差异。
来自英国格拉斯哥卡利多尼亚大学的Xinhua Shu团队认为易位蛋白的内生配体和合成类共分为16类。视网膜中有60多个不同的配体,其中只有少数几个被检测到。有必要对视网膜细胞系和视网膜变性动物模型中其他配体对胆固醇流出和抗炎、抗氧化应激的影响进行评价,从而确定更有效的配体。一些配体,如Etifoxine和XBD137,在视网膜细胞系和临床前动物模型中具有增强胆固醇流出和抑制活性氧和促炎性细胞因子产生的有效能力。Etifoxine(商标Stresam®)自1960年代以来在大约40个国家被用于焦虑症。Xbd173(AC-5216,Emapunil)已在焦虑症患者中进行了一期和二期临床试验。在临床前研究中,这两种配体在其他神经退行性疾病,如帕金森病和多发性硬化中都显示出保护作用。Etifoxine也被证明在肥胖小鼠模型中降低体重。因此,对于经常被发现与年龄相关性黄斑变性相关的肥胖相关综合征患者可能会有额外的好处。易位蛋白配体具有促进胆固醇外流、抑制氧化应激、抑制炎症的作用,为年龄相关性黄斑变性患者提供了一种新的治疗方案。
  文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志2022年 4 月  4 期发表。


https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3760-3019 (Xinhua Shu) 

Abstract: Age-related macular degeneration: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a retinal degenerative disorder, characterized by the irreversible loss of the central vision during ageing. This chronic, progressive disease has been estimated to currently affect around 196 million people worldwide and will increase to 288 million in 2040 (Wong, et al., 2014). Early AMD is defined by the presence of drusen underneath the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) layer. Late AMD can be divided into two groups, “wet AMD” and “dry AMD”, depending on the underlying clinical features. Wet AMD demonstrates a clinic feature of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in which new blood vessels protrude from the choroid through the Bruch’s membrane and interfere with the morphological architecture of RPE and the superficial retina. Wet AMD accounts for approximately 10% of AMD patients, but for around 90% of resultant blind registration. Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor treatment greatly suppresses CNV progression in most wet AMD patients. Dry AMD is characterized by geographic atrophy and no effective therapy is available for dry AMD patients (Pikuleva and Curcio, 2014; Wong et al., 2014).