中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2022, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (5): 1013-1014.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.324842

• 观点:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

氘代右美沙芬/奎尼丁治疗阿尔茨海默病中的躁动

  

  • 出版日期:2022-05-15 发布日期:2021-11-08

Deuterated dextromethorphan/quinidine for agitation in Alzheimer’s disease

Rita Khoury*   

  1. Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology; Saint George Hospital University Medical Center-Beirut, Lebanon. Adjunct Faculty, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MI, USA
  • Online:2022-05-15 Published:2021-11-08
  • Contact: Rita Khoury, MD, rita.khoury@idraac.org.

摘要: Neural Regen Res:动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血临床治疗策略的优缺点
目前尚无美国食品药品管理局批准的治疗阿尔茨海默病中的躁动方法。虽然抗抑郁药(如曲唑酮或西酞普兰)可以用作一线药物,但在剧烈躁动的情况下,可能需要抗精神病药。然而,抗精神病药具有黑框警告,说明痴呆症患者脑血管事件和死亡的风险增加。因此,需要限制抗精神病药的使用。
来自黎巴嫩巴拉曼大学医学院的Rita Khoury团队认为,氘代右美沙芬/奎尼丁现正逐渐成为治疗中重度阿尔茨海默病患者焦虑症状的试验性药物。目前只有一次III期试验(TRIAD-1)取得了成功,并且还没有在同行评审期刊上公布整个试验的方法目前还不能对这种化合物提出可靠的使用建议,其原因在于、对试验过程的分析以及试验的结果。需要进一步对AVP-786进行精心设计的、大型且稳健的试验,以确定其对这一神经精神病学领域中疑难适应症的疗效及安全性。
文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志2022年5 月 5期发表。

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative disorder; it affects around 47 million individuals worldwide (Prince et al., 2013). AD rose from the 12th most burdensome disease in the United States in 1990 to the sixth in 2016 in terms of disability-adjusted life years (Alzheimer’s Disease, Facts and Figures 2021). The burden carried by patients and their caregivers is substantially related to neuropsychiatric symptoms, notably agitation as the disease progresses. To date, there is no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatment for agitation in AD. The American Psychiatric Association recommends pharmacotherapy in case of failure of non-pharmacological options. While antidepressants such as trazodone or citalopram can be used as first line agents, antipsychotics may be warranted in case of severe agitation. Antipsychotics carry however a black box warning regarding the increased risk of cerebrovascular events and mortality in patients with dementia. Hence, their use needs to be limited. Several agents are currently being investigated to fill the gap of finding a treatment for agitation in AD. Compounds in the pipeline include pimavanserin and brexpiprazole, both of which are antipsychotics. Newer “safer” compounds that are being studied include cannabinoid derivatives, and dextromethorphan/quinidine. Drug design is a long and expensive process. It is often associated with unexpected unfavorable tolerability and safety profile halting the development of a new product. Deuteration recently emerged as a new and cost-effective technique that aims at repurposing old medications and advancing their development in clinical trials to garner quick FDA approval. It consists of the selective replacement of hydrogen (protium) with deuterium, naturally occurring and stable isotope of hydrogen. This structural substitution increases the metabolic stability of the molecule and extends the metabolic half-life of the drug, improving its safety and tolerability (Schmidt, 2017). AVP-786 is the deuterated form of dextromethorphan/quinidine that emerges as a promising well-tolerated treatment option for agitation in AD. With two completed phase III trials investigating this compound, there is still insufficient evidence to obtain FDA approval of the deuterated form. The latest clinical evidence on dextromethorphan/quinidine and its deuterated form for this indication will be discussed herein.