中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2022, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (7): 1423-1430.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.330593

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

蛋白质合成调节作为肌萎缩侧索硬化和额颞叶痴呆的治疗方法

  

  • 出版日期:2022-07-15 发布日期:2022-01-15

Protein synthesis modulation as a therapeutic approach for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia

Santiago E. Charif, M. Florencia Vassallu, Lara Salvañal, Lionel M. Igaz*   

  1. IFIBIO Houssay, Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires -CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • Online:2022-07-15 Published:2022-01-15
  • Contact: Lionel M. Igaz, PhD, lmuller@fmed.uba.ar.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by research grants to LMI from University of Buenos Aires (UBACyT) and the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT) under grants PICT 2015-0975 and PICT 2017-2140.

摘要: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9988-3242 (Lionel M. Igaz)

Abstract: Protein synthesis is essential for cells to perform life metabolic processes. Pathological alterations of protein content can lead to particular diseases. Cells have an intrinsic array of mechanisms and pathways that are activated when protein misfolding, accumulation, aggregation or mislocalization occur. Some of them (like the unfolded protein response) represent complex interactions between endoplasmic reticulum sensors and elongation factors that tend to increase expression of chaperone proteins and/or repress translation in order to restore protein homeostasis (also known as proteostasis). This is even more important in neurons, as they are very susceptible to harmful effects associated with protein overload and proteostatic mechanisms are less effective with age. Several neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia exhibit a particular molecular signature of distinct, unbalanced protein overload. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, the majority of cases present intracellular inclusions of ubiquitinated transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43). TDP-43 is an RNA binding protein that participates in RNA metabolism, among other functions. Dysregulation of TDP-43 (e.g. aggregation and mislocalization) can dramatically affect neurons, and this has been linked to disease development. Expression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia TDP-43-related mutations in cellular and animal models has been shown to recapitulate key features of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia disease spectrum. These variants can be causative of degeneration onset and progression. Most neurodegenerative diseases (including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia) have no cure at the moment; however, modulating translation has recently emerged as an attractive approach that can be performed at several steps (i.e. regulating activation of initiation and elongation factors, inhibiting unfolded protein response activation or inducing chaperone expression and activity). This review focuses on the features of protein imbalance in neurodegenerative disorders and the relevance of developing therapeutical compounds aiming at restoring proteostasis. We strive to highlight the importance of research on drugs that, not only restore protein imbalance without compromising translational activity of cells, but are also as safe as possible for the patients.

Key words: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, neurodegeneration, neurodegenerative diseases, protein imbalance, protein synthesis modulation, proteostasis, therapeutical compounds, transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa, translation, unfolded protein response