中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2022, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (7): 1468-1470.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.330596

• 观点:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

光遗传学的神经再生策略

  

  • 出版日期:2022-07-15 发布日期:2022-01-15

Optogenetic neuroregeneration

Harald Janovjak*, Sonja Kleinlogel   

  1. EMBL Australia, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia (Janovjak H) 
    Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (Kleinlogel S) 
  • Online:2022-07-15 Published:2022-01-15
  • Contact: Harald Janovjak, PhD, harald.janovjak@monash.edu.
  • Supported by:
    This study was funded by grants of the Australian Research Council (DP200102093, to HJ), the National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1187638, to HJ), the Swiss National Science Foundation (31003A_176065 and 310030E 188991, to SK) and the Bertarelli foundation (BCL7O2, to SK). The Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute is supported by grants from the State Government of Victoria and the Australian Government. The EMBL Australia Partnership Laboratory (EMBL Australia) is supported by the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS) of the Australian Government. 

摘要: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8023-9315 (Harald Janovjak)

Abstract: Optogenetics is a powerful technology that employs light and genetics to manipulate physiology and behavior with unprecedented precision. The high acuity of light stimulation permits fine control both in space (e.g., to target just one tissue in an animal) and in time (e.g., to interfere with a specific disease stage), whilst genetic targeting restricts manipulation to a functionally-relevant cell population (Figure 1A). These unique capabilities have laid the ground for answering previously unresolvable questions in neuroscience and for new treatment avenues. Already shortly after its inception, optogenetics was harnessed to understand neural circuit function in animal models of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders, including spinal cord injury, stroke, and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Notably, in some of these models, optically-evoked neuronal activity was sufficient to elicit a functional improvement, e.g. through the formation of new microcircuitries or release of neurotrophic factors (Ordaz et al., 2017). These initial discoveries were recently followed by targeted neuroregeneration strategies. These generally aim at either replacement of degenerated sensory functions by optogenetic actuators or site-specific optical delivery of pro-survival signals to counter neurodegeneration (Kleinlogel et al., 2020; Ingles-Prieto et al., 2021). It is these two optogenetic neuroregeneration strategies that we discuss here, from the origins of the field of optogenetics to the recent pioneering clinical application (Sahel et al., 2021).