中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2022, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (9): 1969-1970.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.335150

• 观点:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

微生物群失调与神经炎症之间的关系:益生菌作为一种治疗选择

  

  • 出版日期:2022-09-15 发布日期:2022-03-05

Perspective on the relationship between microbiota dysbiosis and neuroinflammation: probiotics as a treatment option

Chiao W. Ng, Zahoor A. Shah*   

  1. Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
  • Online:2022-09-15 Published:2022-03-05
  • Contact: Zahoor A. Shah, PhD, zahoor.shah@utoledo.edu.
  • Supported by:
    The work was partly supported by the grants from American Heart Association, No. 17AIREA33700076/ZAS/2017, and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health, No. R01NS112642 (to ZAS).

摘要: 益生菌可减少神经炎症吗?
   乳酸菌可减少肠道感染、减少过敏、减轻特应性湿疹并缓解炎症性肠病。乳酸杆菌属调节编码粘附连接蛋白的基因并影响上皮屏障功能。最新研究表明在转基因 MitoPark 帕金森病小鼠模型中使用益生菌菌株的组合导致运动功能(旋转杆、步态模式和横梁平衡测试)的改善。已知的可能机制是,益生菌通过下调 Toll 样受体表达来减少肠道炎症。这种益生菌治疗减缓了帕金森病进展并显示出神经保护作用。在注射脂多糖的大鼠中,由瑞士乳杆菌和长双歧杆菌的混合物组成的益生菌通过肠-脑轴减少海马中的细胞凋亡。另一种益生菌组合 ProBiotic-4 用于 SAMP8 小鼠,以研究对肠-脑轴和认知功能的影响,不仅改善记忆力,而且抑制神经胶质激活、氧化性 DNA 损伤和神经元损伤。
    来自美国托莱多大学药理与药学学院的Zahoor A Shah团队认为,神经炎症是卒中、帕金森病和阿尔茨海默等神经退行性疾病的常见因素。在过去的几年里,肠道微生物组已成为研究人员的主要关注点,主要研究肠道与大脑之间的相关性,以及通过迷走神经的连接。由于将小鼠模型的数据外推到人类的局限性,在整个过程中保持相同的肠道微生物组及其可复制性具有挑战性。由于人类和小鼠在细菌属的分布上存在差异,预计会有不同的益生菌菌株分泌不同浓度的有益代谢物。由于尚未完全了解物种之间的相互关系及其影响,因此需要进一步研究用益生菌菌株时细菌和真菌菌株的共生关系。已经对在售食品中发现的常见菌株进行了研究。尽管各种研究在减少神经炎症方面显示出有希望的结果,但还需要进一步深入研究,看看是否需要长期使用益生菌来维持治疗效果。随着这些问题的解决,益生菌将成为首选的治疗方法,与其他药物结合使用或作为独立疗法来治疗多种疾病,尤其是神经退行性疾病。
文章在《中国神经再生研究(英文版)》杂志2022年9 月 9 期发表。

Abstract: Introduction: In the 1680s, Antonie van Leewenhoek was the first to observe the differences in the human gut microbiome versus the oral cavity diversity, and it led to the birth of a new term, “microbiota”. Later, the link between the brain and the gut was observed to be facilitated by the vagus nerve, allowing for neurotransmitters secreted in the gastrointestinal tract to travel to the brain, directing signals that influence brain function. The gut microbiome is linked to various diseases ranging from autism spectrum disorder to Parkinson’s disease (PD) and is projected to be the new “disease-causing mechanism,” calling for interventions that can modulate gut microbiota and mitigate brain disorders. Gut dysbiosis is observed before and after the onset of various neurodegenerative diseases and often manifests itself into gut-related diseases such as; gut inflammation, chronic constipation, and colitis. Dysbiosis of the gut can be the outcome of neuroinflammatory signaling, and the phenomenon could possibly become a marker for neurodegenerative diseases. Based on the microbiota and its role in disease conditions, new and emerging therapeutic alternatives such as probiotics (Figure 1) and prebiotics are recommended, including the fiber and the gut bacterial products such as short-chain fatty acids.