中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2023, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (4): 779-783.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.354515

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

改变的 O-GlcNAcylation 和线粒体功能障碍,脑葡萄糖失调和散发性阿尔茨海默病之间的分子联系

  

  • 出版日期:2023-04-15 发布日期:2022-10-27

Altered O-GlcNAcylation and mitochondrial dysfunction, a molecular link between brain glucose dysregulation and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease 

Chia-Wei Huang1, 2, Nicholas C. Rust1, 2, Hsueh-Fu Wu2, 3, Gerald W. Hart1, 2, *   

  1. 1Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA;  2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA 3Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
  • Online:2023-04-15 Published:2022-10-27
  • Contact: Gerald W. Hart, PhD, gerald.hart@uga.edu.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Georgia Research Alliance and the University of Georgia (to GWH). 

摘要: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7812-4351 (Gerald W. Hart)

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that affected over 6.5 million people in the United States in 2021, with this number expected to double in the next 40 years without any sort of treatment. Due to its heterogeneity and complexity, the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease, especially sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, remains largely unclear. Compelling evidence suggests that brain glucose hypometabolism, preceding Alzheimer’s disease hallmarks, is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Herein, we discuss the potential causes of reduced glucose uptake and the mechanisms underlying glucose hypometabolism and Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Specifically, decreased O-GlcNAcylation levels by glucose deficiency alter mitochondrial functions and together contribute to Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. One major problem with Alzheimer’s disease research is that the disease progresses for several years before the onset of any symptoms, suggesting the critical need for appropriate models to study the molecular changes in the early phase of Alzheimer’s disease progression. Therefore, this review also discusses current available sporadic Alzheimer’s disease models induced by metabolic abnormalities and provides novel directions for establishing a human neuronal sporadic Alzheimer’s disease model that better represents human sporadic Alzheimer’s disease as a metabolic disease.

Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, amyloid beta, brain, glucose deficiency, glucose uptake, hypometabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurodegenerative disease, neurons, O-GlcNAc, Tau