中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2023, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (6): 1371-1377.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.355978

• 原著:神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

氩气预处理通过Toll样受体介导保护神经元细胞

  

  • 出版日期:2023-06-15 发布日期:2023-01-05
  • 基金资助:
    德国弗莱堡大学医学中心麻醉学和重症监护系;巴登-符腾堡科学,研究和艺术部和弗莱堡大学资助

Argon preconditioning protects neuronal cells with a Toll-like receptor-mediated effect

Stefanie Scheid1, Adrien Lejarre1, Jakob Wollborn1, 2, Hartmut Buerkle1, Ulrich Goebel3, Felix Ulbrich1, *   

  1. 1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 3Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, St. Franziskus-Hospital, Muenster, Germany
  • Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-01-05
  • Contact: Felix Ulbrich, MD, felix.ulbrich@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
  • Supported by:
    This work was financially supported by the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Germany. The article processing charge was funded by the Baden-Wuerttemberg Ministry of Science, Research and Art and the University of Freiburg in the funding program Open Access Publishing.

摘要:

惰性气体氩气在急性损伤后保护神经细胞的作用已得证实,但氩气预处理的神经保护作用还需要进一步研究。实验在用鱼藤酮(20μM,4h)诱导人神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y细胞损害之前,用不同浓度的氩气(25%,50%和74%;21% O2,5% CO2,平衡氮气)处理。在annexin V和碘化丙啶染色后,用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,以及Toll样受体2和4的表面表达。以Western blot和qPCR检测细胞凋亡和炎症蛋白的表达,如细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK1/2),核转录因子κB,蛋白激酶B(Akt),caspase-3,Bax,Bcl-2,白细胞介素8和热休克蛋白。以免疫组织化学染色检测Toll样受体2和4以及白细胞介素-8免疫反应。实验还用Toll样受体2和4的拮抗剂OxPAPC预处理细胞,以阐明分子机制。结果显示,氩气预处理可使鱼藤酮诱导的凋亡细胞数量呈剂量依赖性,而非时间依赖性减少,其中74%的氩气预处理2h效果最好。氩气降低了Toll样受体2和4的表面表达,而OxPAPC处理部分地消除了氩气的保护作用。氩气氩气增加了ERK1/2的磷酸化,减少了核转录因子κB和Akt,抑制了线粒体凋亡、热休克反应、促炎症细胞因子白细胞介素8的表达。免疫组化证实了Toll样受体和白细胞介素8的改变。OxPAPC逆转了氩气对ERK1/2,Bax,Bcl-2,caspase-3和白细胞介素8表达的影响,但对核转录因子κB和热休克蛋白没有影响。综上所述,氩气预处理可以保护神经元细胞不发生凋亡,并通过Toll样受体介导其作用。氩气可能代表了各种临床环境中一种有前途的治疗方法,如治疗脑卒中。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1175-9736 (Felix Ulbrich)

Abstract: The noble gas argon has the potential to protect neuronal cells from cell death. So far, this effect has been studied in treatment after acute damage. Preconditioning using argon has not yet been investigated. In this study, human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were treated with different concentrations of argon (25%, 50%, and 74%; 21% O2, 5% CO2, balance nitrogen) at different time intervals before inflicting damage with rotenone (20 µM, 4 hours). Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry after annexin V and propidium iodide staining. Surface expressions of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 were also examined. Cells were also processed for analysis by western blot and qPCR to determine the expression of apoptotic and inflammatory proteins, such as extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2), nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), protein kinase B (Akt), caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, interleukin-8, and heat shock proteins. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for TLR2 and 4 and interleukin-8. Cells were also pretreated with OxPAPC, an antagonist of TLR2 and 4 to elucidate the molecular mechanism. Results showed that argon preconditioning before rotenone application caused a dose-dependent but not a time-dependent reduction in the number of apoptotic cells. Preconditioning with 74% argon for 2 hours was used for further experiments showing the most promising results. Argon decreased the surface expression of TLR2 and 4, whereas OxPAPC treatment partially abolished the protective effect of argon. Argon increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 but decreased NF-κB and Akt. Preconditioning inhibited mitochondrial apoptosis and the heat shock response. Argon also suppressed the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the alteration of TLRs and interleukin-8. OxPAPC reversed the argon effect on ERK1/2, Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, and interleukin-8 expression, but not on NF-κB and the heat shock proteins. Taken together, argon preconditioning protects against apoptosis of neuronal cells and mediates its action via Toll-like receptors. Argon may represent a promising therapeutic alternative in various clinical settings, such as the treatment of stroke.

Key words: apoptosis, inflammation, interleukin-8, neuroprotection, rotenone, SH-SY5Y, Toll-like receptor 2, Toll-like receptor 4