中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2023, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (6): 1325-1331.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.357912

• 原著:脊髓损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

小胶质细胞的消除促进脊髓损伤后胶质瘢痕的形成并加重炎症

  

  • 出版日期:2023-06-15 发布日期:2023-01-05

Microglial depletion impairs glial scar formation and aggravates inflammation partly by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation in astrocytes after spinal cord injury

Zhi-Lai Zhou1, 2, #, Huan Xie1, 2, #, Xiao-Bo Tian1, Hua-Li Xu3, Wei Li2, Shun Yao2, Hui Zhang1, 2, *   

  1. 1The Spine Surgery Department, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; 2The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; 3Department of Anesthesiology, ZhuJiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
  • Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-01-05
  • Contact: Hui Zhang, MD, zhou03@gmu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, No. 2020A1515010090 (to ZLZ), the Science and Technology Project Foundation of Guangzhou City, No. 202002030004 (to HZ).

摘要:

星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞在脊髓损伤后发挥着协调作用;然而,脊髓损伤后小胶质细胞调节星形胶质细胞的分子机制尚不完全清楚。因而,实验试图通过药理学手段消除小胶质细胞,从而了解小胶质细胞对星形胶质细胞反应的影响,并进一步探讨涉及信号转导与转录激活因子3(STAT3)途径的潜在机制。(1)体内实验中,在构建脊髓挫伤小鼠模型后,为了消除小胶质细胞,于造模前2周开始使用集落刺激因子1受体抑制剂PLX3397。结果发现PLX3397消除小胶质细胞后,脊髓损伤胶质瘢痕增殖紊乱,结构稀疏,炎症因子表达明显升高,加剧神经元死亡。他们应用转录组学分析发现消除小胶质细胞后,脊髓组织大量差异基因富集在炎症、纤维瘢痕等相关通路上。该团队发现抑制小胶质细胞后,星形胶质细胞中STAT3磷酸化水平也随之减弱。(2)随后的体外实验构建了小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞共培养体系,加入小分子化合物STA21抑制STAT3通路激活,进一步验证了小胶质细胞可通过激活星形胶质细胞中STAT3通路,促进星形胶质细胞增殖。(3)以上实验数据说明,PLX3397消除小胶质细胞后,脊髓损伤小鼠星形胶质细胞STAT3磷酸化水平降低,星形胶质细胞增殖活化减少,胶质瘢痕形成受阻,从而导致炎症浸润扩散,加重脊髓损伤。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6975-6314 (Hui Zhang)

Abstract: Astrocytes and microglia play an orchestrated role following spinal cord injury; however, the molecular mechanisms through which microglia regulate astrocytes after spinal cord injury are not yet fully understood. Herein, microglia were pharmacologically depleted and the effects on the astrocytic response were examined. We further explored the potential mechanisms involving the signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. For in vivo experiments, we constructed a contusion spinal cord injury model in C57BL/6 mice. To deplete microglia, all mice were treated with colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX3397, starting 2 weeks prior to surgery until they were sacrificed. Cell proliferation was examined by 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) and three pivotal inflammatory cytokines were detected by a specific Bio-Plex ProTM Reagent Kit. Locomotor function, neuroinflammation, astrocyte activation and phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3, a maker of activation of STAT3 signaling) levels were determined. For in vitro experiments, a microglia and astrocyte coculture system was established, and the small molecule STA21, which blocks STAT3 activation, was applied to investigate whether STAT3 signaling is involved in mediating astrocyte proliferation induced by microglia. PLX3397 administration disrupted glial scar formation, increased inflammatory spillover, induced diffuse tissue damage and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Microglial depletion markedly reduced EdU+ proliferating cells, especially proliferating astrocytes at 7 days after spinal cord injury. RNA sequencing analysis showed that the JAK/STAT3 pathway was downregulated in mice treated with PLX3397. Double immunofluorescence staining confirmed that PLX3397 significantly decreased STAT3 expression in astrocytes. Importantly, in vitro coculture of astrocytes and microglia showed that microglia-induced astrocyte proliferation was abolished by STA21 administration. These findings suggest that microglial depletion impaired astrocyte proliferation and astrocytic scar formation, and induced inflammatory diffusion partly by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation in astrocytes following spinal cord injury.

Key words: astrocytes, coculture, colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor, EdU, glia scar, inflammatory response, microglia, phosphorylation, proliferation, spinal cord injury, STAT3