中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2023, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (10): 2167-2172.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.369101

• 综述:颅神经损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

Rho GTP酶家族在耳蜗毛细胞和感音神经性耳聋中的作用

  

  • 出版日期:2023-10-15 发布日期:2023-03-28
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省自然科学基金和江苏省高等学校自然科学基金

The role of Rho GTPase family in cochlear hair cells and hearing

Yu-Bei Dai#, Xiang Gao#, Dong Liu*, Jie Gong*   

  1. School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Online:2023-10-15 Published:2023-03-28
  • Contact: Jie Gong, PhD, jgong188@ntu.edu.cn; Dong Liu, PhD, liudongtom@gmail.com or tom@ntu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, No. BK20221377 (to JG) and the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China, No. 22KJB180023 (to JG).

摘要:

Rho GTPases是肌动蛋白细胞骨架的重要调节器。它们参与各种生理和生化过程,如调节细胞骨架的动态、发育、增殖、生存和再生。在耳蜗毛细胞的发育过程中,Rho GTPases通过膜受体被各种细胞外信号激活,并激发多种下游效应器发挥作用。具体来说RhoA,Cdc42和Rac1可以通过诱导肌动蛋白单体的聚合以及肌动蛋白丝的稳定来调控纤毛的发育和维持,以及作为细胞极性调控的重要元件来影响听觉毛细胞纤毛束的正常形态的定向,同时他们介导的肌动蛋白相关通路在外毛细胞运动过程中也发挥作用。总之Rho GTPases的功能在高度极性的听觉感官系统中至关重要。文章综述了Rho GTPase家族典型亚家族成员RhoA,Cdc42和Rac1在耳蜗毛细胞的表达以及这些小分子蛋白参与耳蜗毛细胞纤毛束的形态发生和外毛细胞运动的机制,并且总结了这些小分子作为感音神经性耳聋治疗的药物靶点的研究现状,从而为感音神经性耳聋的治疗启发了新的方向和思路。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2080-8862 (Jie Gong); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2764-6544 (Dong Liu)

Abstract: Rho GTPases are essential regulators of the actin cytoskeleton. They are involved in various physiological and biochemical processes such as the regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics, development, proliferation, survival, and regeneration. During the development of cochlear hair cells, Rho GTPases are activated by various extracellular signals through membrane receptors to further stimulate multiple downstream effectors. Specifically, RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac1, members of the classical subfamily of the Rho GTPase family, regulate the development and maintenance of cilia by inducing the polymerization of actin monomers and stabilizing actin filaments. In addition, they also regulate the normal morphology orientation of ciliary bundles in auditory hair cells, which is an important element of cell polarity regulation. Moreover, the actin-related pathways mediated by RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac1 also play a role in the motility of outer hair cells, indicating that the function of Rho GTPases is crucial in the highly polar auditory sensory system. In this review, we focus on the expression of RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac1 in cochlear hair cells and how these small molecules participate in ciliary bundle morphogenesis and cochlear hair cell movement. We also discuss the progress of current research investigating the use of these small molecules as drug targets for deafness treatment.

Key words: actin assembly, auditory sensory neurons, cell polarity, cell proliferation, electromotility, hair cell, hearing loss, morphogenesis, Rho GTPases, stereocilia