中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2023, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (11): 2391-2392.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.371361

• 观点:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

淀粉样β低聚物检测在阿尔茨海默病中的应用进展

  

  • 出版日期:2023-11-15 发布日期:2023-05-04

Plasma amyloid-beta oligomer and phosphorylated tau: diagnostic tools for progressive Alzheimer’s disease

Seong Soo A. An*, John P. Hulme*   

  1. Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
  • Online:2023-11-15 Published:2023-05-04
  • Contact: John P. Hulme, PhD, johnhulme21@gmail.com; Seong Soo A. An, PhD, seong.an@gmail.com.
  • Supported by:
    This work was funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) by the Korean Government (2020R1A2B5B01002463 & 2021R1A6A1A03038996) (to JPH). 

摘要: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5035-1488 (John P. Hulme) 

Abstract: Introduction: Spanning the three stages of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum, amyloid-beta (Aβ40 and Aβ42) oligomers (AβO’s) and tau protein constitute a set of biomarkers ideally suited for the non-invasive monitoring of AD (Wolgin et al., 2022). AD progression is correlated with the presence of low molecular weight oligomers and not amyloid plaques. Moreover, low molecular weight AβO is present in the beginning and later stages of disease even when the plaque burden becomes prevalent. Furthermore, changes in AβO levels occur prior to the initial stages of the disease, suggesting they may be used to evaluate the risk of disease onset. Currently, the monoclonal antibody Crenezumab™ is considered the primary treatment for reducing low molecular weight oligomers in various animal models and humans. AβO’s can be sourced from blood, plasma, and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and acquired quickly, permitting long-term storage and retrospective analysis. However, samples usually contain single molecular oligomer concentrations often requiring amplification (spiking/seeding or ultrasonic) or enrichment prior to measurement with conventional instrumentation and antibody-based platforms such as SiMOA or Sigma Millipore (An et al., 2017; Dominguez et al., 2022). In addition to AβO, other protein biomarkers that span all three stages of AD include total tau (t-tau) and CSF phosphorylated tau (p-tau). Tau is a microtubule-binding protein subject to phosphorylation, and its aggregation is a major hallmark of AD pathology. t-tau and some p-tau isoforms, such as p-tau threonine 181 and p-tau threonine 217, are elevated in AD CSF. However, t-tau CSF levels poorly correlate with plasma levels due to peripheral interference restricting its usage as a biomarker (Janelidze et al., 2020).