中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2023, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (12): 2720-2726.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.373656

• 原著:脊髓损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

脊髓损伤后Ca2+诱导的髓鞘病变先于轴突球状体形成的现象部分由库控钙内流介导

  

  • 出版日期:2023-12-15 发布日期:2023-06-15

Ca2+-induced myelin pathology precedes axonal spheroid formation and is mediated in part by store-operated Ca2+ entry after spinal cord injury#br#

Spencer Ames1, 2, Kia Adams1, 2, Mariah E. Geisen1, 2, David P. Stirling1, 2, 3, 4, *   

  1. 1Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center and 2Department of Neurological Surgery, 3Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, 4Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
  • Online:2023-12-15 Published:2023-06-15
  • Contact: David P. Stirling, PhD, david.stirling@louisville.edu.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by NIH-NINDS NS092680 (to DPS).

摘要:

轴突球状体的形成是脊髓损伤后的常见特征。为了进一步了解介导轴突球状体形成的Ca2+的来源,实验使用了先前表征的体外小鼠脊髓模型,该模型允许对细胞外Ca2+进行精确的扰动。实验对Thy1YFP+转基因小鼠的脊髓组织进行了双光子激发显微镜成像,并应用亲脂性染料尼罗红,分别记录脊髓背柱轴突及其髓鞘的动态变化。在存在或不存在外部Ca2+的情况下,用Ca2+离子载体离子霉素选择性地从内部储存中释放Ca2+。在正常的2mM Ca2+人工脑脊液存在的情况下,离子霉素剂量依赖性地诱导髓鞘的病理变化和明显的轴突球状体形成。相反,去除外部Ca2+后 2小时内离子霉素诱导的髓鞘和轴突球状体的形成明显减少。使用在脊髓轴突中表达神经元特异性Ca2+指示剂的小鼠,实验证实了离子霉素诱导轴突内Ca2+的显著增加,但无外部Ca2+的情况下则未出现该现象。轴突周围的肿胀和由此产生的轴突-髓质界面的破坏往往先于轴突球状体的形成,并与之呈负相关。用库控钙内流阻断剂YM58483(500nM)预处理可明显减少髓鞘损伤和轴突球体的形成。总之,这些数据显示,离子霉素诱导的内部Ca2+储存的耗竭和随后通过库控钙内流的外部Ca2+进入有助于髓鞘的病理变化和轴突球状体的形成,从而为保护中枢有髓纤维提供了新的标靶。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1004-8991 (David P. Stirling)

Abstract: The formation of axonal spheroid is a common feature following spinal cord injury. To further understand the source of Ca2+ that mediates axonal spheroid formation, we used our previously characterized ex vivo mouse spinal cord model that allows precise perturbation of extracellular Ca2+. We performed two-photon excitation imaging of spinal cords isolated from Thy1YFP+ transgenic mice and applied the lipophilic dye, Nile red, to record dynamic changes in dorsal column axons and their myelin sheaths respectively. We selectively released Ca2+ from internal stores using the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin in the presence or absence of external Ca2+. We reported that ionomycin dose-dependently induces pathological changes in myelin and pronounced axonal spheroid formation in the presence of normal 2 mM Ca2+ artificial cerebrospinal fluid. In contrast, removal of external Ca2+ significantly decreased ionomycin-induced myelin and axonal spheroid formation at 2 hours but not at 1 hour after treatment. Using mice that express a neuron-specific Ca2+ indicator in spinal cord axons, we confirmed that ionomycin induced significant increases in intra-axonal Ca2+, but not in the absence of external Ca2+. Periaxonal swelling and the resultant disruption in the axo-myelinic interface often precedes and is negatively correlated with axonal spheroid formation. Pretreatment with YM58483 (500 nM), a well-established blocker of store-operated Ca2+ entry, significantly decreased myelin injury and axonal spheroid formation. Collectively, these data reveal that ionomycin-induced depletion of internal Ca2+ stores and subsequent external Ca2+ entry through store-operated Ca2+ entry contributes to pathological changes in myelin and axonal spheroid formation, providing new targets to protect central myelinated fibers. 

Key words: axonal degeneration, axonal spheroid formation, ionomycin, store-operated calcium entry, myelin, Nile red, peri-axonal swelling