中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (1): 75-79.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.375320

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

外泌体在神经退行性疾病中的致病和治疗作用

  

  • 出版日期:2024-01-15 发布日期:2023-08-02

Pathogenic and therapeutic role of exosomes in neurodegenerative disorders

Christa C. Huber, Hongmin Wang*   

  1. Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
  • Online:2024-01-15 Published:2023-08-02
  • Contact: Hongmin Wang, PhD, Hongmin.Wang@usd.edu.
  • Supported by:
    The work was supported by the National Institute on Aging of NIH (No. RF1AG072510 to HW), the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NINGM) of NIH (No. P20GM103443 to HW via Dr. Victor Huber), the National Science Foundation (NSF) (No. DGE-1633213 to CCH via Dr. Brian Burrell), and the NIH/NIGMS (No. T32GM-136503 to CCH via Dr. Brian Burrell).

摘要: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0392-4458 (Hongmin Wang)

Abstract: Neurodegenerative disorders affect millions of people worldwide, and the prevalence of these disorders is only projected to rise as the number of people over 65 will drastically increase in the coming years. While therapies exist to aid in symptomatic relief, effective treatments that can stop or reverse the progress of each neurodegenerative disease are lacking. Recently, research on the role of extracellular vesicles as disease markers and therapeutics has been intensively studied. Exosomes, 30–150 nm in diameter, are one type of extracellular vesicles facilitating cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes are thought to play a role in disease propagation in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Accordingly, the exosomes derived from the patients are an invaluable source of disease biomarkers. On the other hand, exosomes, especially those derived from stem cells, could serve as a therapeutic for these disorders, as seen by a rapid increase in clinical trials investigating the therapeutic efficacy of exosomes in different neurological diseases. This review summarizes the pathological burden and therapeutic approach of exosomes in neurodegenerative disorders. We also highlight how heat shock increases the yield of exosomes while still maintaining their therapeutic efficacy. Finally, this review concludes with outstanding questions that remain to be addressed in exosomal research.

Key words: aging, Alzheimer’s disease, biomarker, drug, exosome, extracellular vesicle, neurodegenerative disease, Parkinson’s disease, therapy