中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (2): 360-368.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.379018

• 综述:脑损伤修复保护与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

癫痫与代谢型谷氨酸受体:异常mGluRs信号转导及其治疗意义的最新进展

  

  • 出版日期:2024-02-15 发布日期:2023-08-30

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in epileptogenesis: an update on abnormal mGluRs signaling and its therapeutic implications

Leyi Huang1, #, Wenjie Xiao1, #, Yan Wang1, Juan Li2, Jiaoe Gong3, Ewen Tu4, Lili Long2, Bo Xiao2, Xiaoxin Yan1, Lily Wan1, *   

  1. 1Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya Medical School, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; 2Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; 3Department of Neurology, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; 4Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
  • Online:2024-02-15 Published:2023-08-30
  • Contact: Lily Wan, MD, PhD, wanll1203@csu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, No. 2021JJ30389 (to JG); the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province of China, Nos. 2022SK2042 (to LL) and 2020SK2122 (to ET). 

摘要:

研究表明,癫痫可能是由体内兴奋性和抑制性神经递质的相对不平衡引起。其中,谷氨酸作为哺乳动物中枢神经系统中的重要兴奋性神经递质,通过激活离子型谷氨酸受体和代谢型谷氨酸受体  两种受体,参与调节各种神经元和突触活动。代谢型谷氨酸受体家族是一类在细胞表面广泛分布于大脑主要区域的上游蛋白质,表达于神经元和非神经元细胞中,它们主要通过激活G蛋白调节的信号转导机制调节神经元兴奋性和突触传递。虽然目前为止有关代谢型谷氨酸受体参与癫痫发生的研究众多,但仍缺乏深入而全面的总结。文章深入总结与分析了代谢型谷氨酸受体及其相关信号通路如何影响癫痫,进而阐述代谢型谷氨酸受体的靶点作用以及受体介导的神经保护在癫痫发生机制中的作用。此外,该文章还总结了代谢型谷氨酸受体在癫痫动物和临床研究中的药理学干预作用,旨在总结代谢型谷氨酸受体在癫痫发生中的不同机制及意义,为未来研究代谢型谷氨酸受体靶向抗癫痫药物的发展奠定基础。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4250-6811 (Lily Wan)

Abstract: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by high morbidity, high recurrence, and drug resistance. Enhanced signaling through the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is intricately associated with epilepsy. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are G protein-coupled receptors activated by glutamate and are key regulators of neuronal and synaptic plasticity. Dysregulated mGluR signaling has been associated with various neurological disorders, and numerous studies have shown a close relationship between mGluRs expression/activity and the development of epilepsy. In this review, we first introduce the three groups of mGluRs and their associated signaling pathways. Then, we detail how these receptors influence epilepsy by describing the signaling cascades triggered by their activation and their neuroprotective or detrimental roles in epileptogenesis. In addition, strategies for pharmacological manipulation of these receptors during the treatment of epilepsy in experimental studies is also summarized. We hope that this review will provide a foundation for future studies on the development of mGluR-targeted antiepileptic drugs.

Key words: antiepileptic drugs, epileptogenesis, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), signal pathways, therapeutic potentials