中国神经再生研究(英文版) ›› 2024, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (4): 800-806.doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.382233

• 综述:退行性病与再生 • 上一篇    下一篇

肌萎缩侧索硬化中TAR DNA结合蛋白43的致病机制

  

  • 出版日期:2024-04-15 发布日期:2023-09-15

The pathogenic mechanism of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Xinxin Wang1, 2, Yushu Hu1, 2, Renshi Xu1, 2, *   

  1. 1Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; 2Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, The Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
  • Online:2024-04-15 Published:2023-09-15
  • Contact: Renshi Xu, MD, PhD, xurenshi@ncu.edu.cn.
  • Supported by:
    This work was in part supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 30560042, 81160161, 81360198, and 82160255; Education Department of Jiangxi Province, Nos. GJJ13198 and GJJ170021, Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology, No. 20192BAB205043; and Health and Family Planning Commission of Jiangxi Province, Nos. 20181019 and 202210002 (all to RX).

摘要:

肌萎缩侧索硬化是一种致命的运动神经元疾病,其致病机制复杂。值得注意的是,在97%的肌萎缩侧索硬化患者中可观察到TAR-DNA结合蛋白43包含物。TAR-DNA结合蛋白43是一种高度保守的异质核核糖核蛋白,功能丰富,包括mRNA稳定、转录、翻译、剪接、轴突转运、凋亡、表观遗传修饰和隐外显子包合或抑制等,其在肌萎缩侧索硬化中的发病机制研究正在兴起。文章首先总结了TAR-DNA结合蛋白43的主要结构及相关生理功能;然后,重点讨论了目前提出的肌萎缩侧索硬化中TAR-DNA结合蛋白43致病机制,包括核质转运障碍、RNA功能失调、翻译后修饰、液液相分离、应激颗粒、线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激、轴突转运障碍、蛋白质质量控制系统失调、非细胞自主功能(胶质细胞功能和朊病毒样传播)。对TAR-DNA结合蛋白43的致病机制进行归纳总结有利于探索肌萎缩侧索硬化治疗新靶点和发现可靠的生物标志物。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1762-6689 (Xinxin Wang);  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7315-5036 (Yushu Hu); https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0313-3434 (Renshi Xu)

Abstract: The onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is usually characterized by focal death of both upper and/or lower motor neurons occurring in the motor cortex, basal ganglia, brainstem, and spinal cord, and commonly involves the muscles of the upper and/or lower extremities, and the muscles of the bulbar and/or respiratory regions. However, as the disease progresses, it affects the adjacent body regions, leading to generalized muscle weakness, occasionally along with memory, cognitive, behavioral, and language impairments; respiratory dysfunction occurs at the final stage of the disease. The disease has a complicated pathophysiology and currently, only riluzole, edaravone, and phenylbutyrate/taurursodiol are licensed to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in many industrialized countries. The TAR DNA-binding protein 43 inclusions are observed in 97% of those diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This review provides a preliminary overview of the potential effects of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, including the abnormalities in nucleoplasmic transport, RNA function, post-translational modification, liquid-liquid phase separation, stress granules, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, axonal transport, protein quality control system, and non-cellular autonomous functions (e.g., glial cell functions and prion-like propagation).

Key words: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, axonal transport, liquid-liquid phase separation, non-cellular autonomous functions, oxidative stress, pathogenesis, post-translational modification, protein quality control system, stress granules, TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43)